A Facile Online Multi-gear Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detector for Automatic and Wide Range Monitoring of High Salt in HPLC

The Analyst ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwen Liu ◽  
Ziqi Liang ◽  
Yuanyu Wang ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Organic Mixture ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rare Report

Abstract: Sensing the electrolyte solution or aqueous-organic mixture has great interest to chemical separation, pharmaceutical engineering, bioprocess and biochemical experiments etc. However, rare report was presented on online contactless sensor...

scholarly journals Relative-humidity-dependent organic aerosol thermodynamics via an efficient reduced-complexity model

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 13383-13407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Gorkowski ◽  
Thomas C. Preston ◽  
Andreas Zuend
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Organic Mixture ◽  
Organic Mixtures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reduced Complexity

Abstract. Water plays an essential role in aerosol chemistry, gas–particle partitioning, and particle viscosity, but it is typically omitted in thermodynamic models describing the mixing within organic aerosol phases and the partitioning of semivolatile organics. In this study, we introduce the Binary Activity Thermodynamics (BAT) model, a water-sensitive reduced-complexity model treating the nonideal mixing of water and organics. The BAT model can process different levels of physicochemical mixture information enabling its application in the thermodynamic aerosol treatment within chemical transport models, the evaluation of humidity effects in environmental chamber studies, and the analysis of field observations. It is capable of using organic structure information including O:C, H:C, molar mass, and vapor pressure, which can be derived from identified compounds or estimated from bulk aerosol properties. A key feature of the BAT model is predicting the extent of liquid–liquid phase separation occurring within aqueous mixtures containing hydrophobic organics. This is crucial to simulating the abrupt change in water uptake behavior of moderately hygroscopic organics at high relative humidity, which is essential for capturing the correct behavior of organic aerosols serving as cloud condensation nuclei. For gas–particle partitioning predictions, we complement a volatility basis set (VBS) approach with the BAT model to account for nonideality and liquid–liquid equilibrium effects. To improve the computational efficiency of this approach, we trained two neural networks; the first for the prediction of aerosol water content at given relative humidity, and the second for the partitioning of semivolatile components. The integrated VBS + BAT model is benchmarked against high-fidelity molecular-level gas–particle equilibrium calculations based on the AIOMFAC (Aerosol Inorganic-Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficient) model. Organic aerosol systems derived from α-pinene or isoprene oxidation are used for comparison. Predicted organic mass concentrations agree within less than a 5 % error in the isoprene case, which is a significant improvement over a traditional VBS implementation. In the case of the α-pinene system, the error is less than 2 % up to a relative humidity of 94 %, with larger errors past that point. The goal of the BAT model is to represent the bulk O:C and molar mass dependencies of a wide range of water–organic mixtures to a reasonable degree of accuracy. In this context, we discuss that the reduced-complexity effort may be poor at representing a specific binary water–organic mixture perfectly. However, the averaging effects of our reduced-complexity model become more representative when the mixture diversity increases in terms of organic functionality and number of components.

A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Core-shell Magnetic Nanoparticle

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Type ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Core-shell type magnetic nanoparticles are finding attractive applications in biomedicine, from diagnostic to cancer therapy. Both for targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia, as well as a contrast agent used for external biomedical imaging systems, small (&lt; 20 nm) superparamagnetic nanoparticles are desired. Some iron oxide nanoparticle formulations are already approved for human administration as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. However, search continues for nanoparticles with higher saturation magnetisation. Metallic, bi-metallic and intermetallic magnetic nanoparticles are finding attention. Biocompatibility and optimal clearance are important criteria for the medical applications and therefore core-shell type particles are favored, where a biocompatible shell (e.g. polymer, Silica) can prevent inadvertent host reaction with the magnetic core. A recently developed novel synthesis method (electrochemical selective phase dissolution - ESPD), which can produce core-shell magnetic nanoparticles, is reviewed in this paper. ESPD, as the name suggests, uses electro-chemical separation of a phase from metallic alloys to synthesize nanoparticles. It is a versatile method and can be adopted to produce a wide range of nanostructures in addition to the core-shell magnetic nanoparticles.</p>

scholarly journals Laser Processing of Quartz for Microfluidic Device Fabrication

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ben Azouz ◽  
M. Vázquez ◽  
Brett Paull ◽  
Dermot Brabazon
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quartz Substrates

This paper presents a fast fabrication process of microfluidic channels with quartz substrates. Microchannels were ablated on the surface of quartz samples with a CO2laser. Double sided Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) was applied to bond the samples with scribed microchannels to flat glass sheets. Dimensions of the fabricated channels were characterised with optical microscopy and laser profilometry. The recorded data was modelled with a BoxBehnken experiment design using Response Surface Methodology. Characterisation included also the measurement of optical transmission through the processed glass and measurement of flow rate through the fabricated channels. With an average width of 165 µm and depth of 280µm, fabricated channels had appropriate dimensions for a range of microfluidic applications. A significant width of the laser processed channels provided 100% transmission for a wide range of the optical spectrum. These fabricated channels were also shown to not significantly retard the fluid flow rate thus making these channels applicable for integration into numerous detection systems for chemical separation applications.

scholarly journals A New Label-Free and Contactless Bio-Tomographic Imaging with Miniaturized Capacitively-Coupled Spectroscopy Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3327
Author(s):  
Gege Ma ◽  
Manuchehr Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Array Imaging ◽  
Imaging Sensor

A new bio-imaging method has been developed by introducing an experimental verification of capacitively coupled resistivity imaging in a small scale. This paper focuses on the 2D circular array imaging sensor as well as a 3D planar array imaging sensor with spectroscopic measurements in a wide range from low frequency to radiofrequency. Both these two setups are well suited for standard containers used in cell and culture biological studies, allowing for fully non-invasive testing. This is true as the capacitive based imaging sensor can extract dielectric spectroscopic images from the sample without direct contact with the medium. The paper shows the concept by deriving a wide range of spectroscopic information from biological test samples. We drive both spectra of electrical conductivity and the change rate of electrical conductivity with frequency as a piece of fundamentally important information. The high-frequency excitation allows the interrogation of critical properties that arise from the cell nucleus.

Plasma parameters of RF capacitively coupled discharge: comparative study between a plane cathode and a large hole dimensions multi-hollow cathode

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 10801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Djerourou ◽  
Mourad Djebli ◽  
Mohamed Ouchabane
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Hollow Cathode ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Large Hole ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Self Bias ◽  
Wide Range

This work deals with a comparative study of plasma discharge generated by two geometrical configurations of cathodes through an investigation of their plasma parameters. A large hole diameter and depth (D = 40 mm, W = 50 mm) multi-hollow (MH) cathode compared with a plane (PL) cathode are presented for argon capacitively coupled radiofrequency discharge. The electrical characteristics of MH and PL cathodes have been measured in terms of the self-bias voltage (Vdc) while the Langmuir probe was used to measure electron density (ne) and electron temperature (Te) for a wide range of gas pressure (60–400 mTorr) and incident power (50–300 W). It is found that the hollow cathode effect (HCE) is optimum at 60 mTorr with 220 mTorr as a critical gas pressure for which a transition from HCE to insufficient HCE is seen. The electron temperature varies from 3 to 5 eV in the case of MH and PL cathodes with respect to incident power and gas pressure.

The Influence of Magnetic Fields on the Properties of Amorphous Carbon Prepared by Plasma Deposition

1987 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Jarman ◽  
A. T. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Rf Discharge ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

ABSTRACTAmorphous carbon films exhibit a wide range of optical, electrical and mechanical properties which make them candidates for a number of applications such as protective coatings and insulators in electronic devices. We describe the effects of a magnetic field applied at the powered electrode in a capacitively coupled rf discharge on the optical and electrical properties of amorphous carbon films deposited on substrates mounted on both electrodes. In the case of substrates placed on the powered electrode, the film properties appear to be very sensitive to the magnetic field strength. At the highest magnetic field, the deposition rates are very much higher than those obtained in the absence of a magnetic field. The optical gap varies from 1.1 eV to 2.7 eV depending on the deposition conditions. The electrical conductivities of the films are very low and show a complex dependence on the applied electric field.

Characterization of Capacitively Coupled Radio-Frequency Argon Plasma by Electrical Circuit Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 5373-5379
Author(s):  
B. Bora ◽  
H. Bhuyan ◽  
M. Favre ◽  
E. Wyndham ◽  
H. Chuaqui
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Discharge Model

Low temperature radio frequency plasma is widely used in low temperature plasma processing medium for material processing in many fields including microelectronics, aerospace, and the biology. For proper utilization of the process, it is very much important to know the plasma parameters. In this paper a novel technique is used to determine the plasma parameters from the electrical discharge characteristic and the power balance method. The homogeneous discharge model is used to evaluate the relation between the plasma parameters with the discharge characteristics. The electron density and temperature is found to be well agree with the Langmuir probe data in the range of 0.5x1016 to 45x1016 cm-3 and 1.4 to 1.6 ev for wide range of rf power.

scholarly journals Comparison of oral sucrose and glucose electrolyte solutions in the out-patient management of acute gastroenteritis in infancy

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hutchins ◽  
T. H. J. Matthews ◽  
J. E. Manly ◽  
B. Lawrie ◽  
J. A. Walker-smith
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electrolyte Mixture ◽  
Oral Sucrose

SUMMARYSeventy-three children under the age of 18 months presenting with acute gastroenteritis were given an electrolyte mixture with added sucrose or glucose in a randomized double-blind trial. The time taken to recovery in those successfully treated as out-patients was identical. However, of the 34 who received glucose, 11 (32%) required admission compared with 7 (18%) of the 39 who received sucrose. There was a wide range of osmolality of the made-up feeds, indicating inaccuracy in diluting the solutions as prescribed, but this did not in general correlate with need for admission.Sucrose-electrolyte solution is at least as effective as a glucose-electrolyte solution for the out-patient management of acute gastroenteritis in infancy. The cheapness and easy availability of sucrose commends its use in developed and developing countries.

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