scholarly journals On the road to cost-effective fossil fuel desulfurization by Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (44) ◽  
pp. 25405-25413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pacheco ◽  
Susana M. Paixão ◽  
Tiago P. Silva ◽  
Luís Alves
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Gordonia Alkanivorans ◽  
On The Road

The utilization of desulfurizing microorganisms that can grow in low nutrient culture media without vitamins and other growth promoters (e.g. yeast extract, peptone) is an advantage for BDS upgrade since it may reduce the biocatalyst production costs significantly

Strategies for Promoting the Use of Concrete Pavements in Tanzania: Technical and Institutional Considerations

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
D.A. Mfinanga ◽  
H. Bwire
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
The Road ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Economic Developments

High-type roads in Tanzania have been predominantly of asphaltic concrete construction. This ever enlarging and ageing asphaltic road network represents increasing resource requirements on the road agency in the form of maintenance. Limited resources coupled with the ever sky-rocketing costs of petroleum products and the competing demands of social economic developments, presupposes the need to look for alternative road construction technology that is more cost-effective and resource optimising. Experience gained from developed and some developing countries where concrete pavements have been widely used suggests the potential of this type of pavement in many developingcountries. This paper discusses the technical aspects of design and construction- and maintenance-related aspects of concrete pavements. The discussion extends further to highlight issues pertaining to the performance of concrete pavements and strategies for promoting the use of concrete pavements in Tanzania. Conclusions and recommendationsare made with suggestions on how to start implementing the proposed strategies.

scholarly journals Nine Recommendations for the Safety on Road both of the People and the Traffic Police

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Madhur Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Injured Patients

Safety of people and traffic police on road and the provision of prompt and appropriate treatment of injured persons in road accident are urgent concerns. The nine recommendations accordingly made are 1) Considering anyone who informs about or brings to the hospitals the accident victims as innocent until proved otherwise, 2) Annual payment by all vehicle owners (as per the cost of vehicles) to generate treatment fund for any road accident injured patients in the free general (not paying or private or extended health service) outdoor or emergency clinics or ward of the public hospitals irrespective of anyone’ fault in the accident (insurance or other agencies may be assigned to handle the amount deposited and reimbursement of the payments to the hospitals), 3) Implementation of helmet wearing by motorcycle riders and pillion riders in motorcycles, 4) Stricter fine for hazardous traffic offenses, 5) Drivers of the larger vehicles should not automatically be held responsible for any accidents involving other smaller vehicles (to prevent smaller vehicles and motorcycles to drive recklessly), 6) Drivers should not be just held responsible to bear health expenses of injured patients (which is much more than the compensation required in the event of death of injured persons); this is to encourage drivers to take injured persons immediately to hospitals and prevent inclination to allow their deaths indirectly or directly; the drivers should be proportionately fined or punished as per the traffic regulations if they are found to be negligent, 7) Safe and visible platform for the traffic police to stay on the road, 8) Provision of cost-effective respirators for traffic police and traffic supervisors, and 9) Compensation for occupational hazards to the traffic police and field traffic supervisors by distributing to them adequate proportion (e.g. one-third to one-half) of the fund collected by stricter fine paid for the hazardous traffic offences. Provision of various allowances, including for hazards, and benefits is a common practice in the country. Compensation for the occupational hazards of the traffic police provides incentives to and motivates them to remain vigilant about hazardous traffic offenses day and night everywhere and, thus, is essential for the safety of the people.   

scholarly journals Analysis of driving behaviours of truck drivers using motorway tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (13) ◽  
pp. 3103-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbing Gao ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Kaushali Dave ◽  
Junyan Chen ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
On The Road

Road transportations still play a dominant role in goods delivery, and driving behaviours significantly affect the fuel economy of heavy-duty trucks. Plenty of fossil fuel is wasted as a result of unreasonable driving behaviours even in the case of highly experienced drivers. The objective of this paper is to analyse drivers’ behaviours over two segments of motorways and estimate the potential benefits of fuel saving caused by a change in driving habits during national and international goods delivery. Drivers’ habits on motorways change depending on the road situations. In the acceleration process, the fuel consumption rates are huge even under low-speed conditions. The truck fuel consumption rates are exaggerated by positive road slopes, but still dominated by acceleration. Accelerations are generally in normal distributions, with the median value being approximately 0.5 m/s2. The speed ranges corresponding to each gear enlarge with the increase in gear number. The potentials of annual fuel saving for parts of European Union countries are nearly 2 × 106 m3 by adopting proper driving behaviours.

scholarly journals Pedestrian-safer IoT-based Smart Crossing System with Object Tracking

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1948-1953
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Road Crossing ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Populous Country

In the field of technical research the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an interesting topic. The device is interconnected over the internet. We usually think of IoT in terms of independently owned cars and smart homes, but in extreme practical matters one of the best applications of IoT technology. In many disciplines, IoT is increasing rapidly from a technical point of view, in particular with the smart crossing system. In the meantime, it is a very populous country in Bangladesh. A lot of people cross the street every day. A lot of wide roads are to be crossed in Bangladesh. Even dead troubles. There is a lot of vehicles on the lane. There are many wide roads in Bangladesh that are a lot to cross. Troubles, even dead ones. Many vehicles are on the road. Bangladesh is also a developing country, and the laws of road crossing are not very strict, in which case it is very important to have a pedestrian-safer IoT-based smart crossing system with object tracking. Often people are facing an accident, in particular school children have trouble crossing the road, old people face the same problem. A cost-effective solution to this issue is the key contribution of this paper using a simple framework based on Arduino UNO R3. The device is fully autonomous and can calculate the planned parameters of a pedestrianized IoT-based, smart crossing platform with object tracking in an efficient way. Ultrasonic sensors and one IR sensor were used for measuring the parameters needed for the device. Moreover, in Bangladesh this program is more important and essential. This smart crossing system detects people as well as reduce road accidents.

SILICA-REINFORCED EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER TIRE TREADS — PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. Martin ◽  
Paul Brown ◽  
Andrew V. Chapman ◽  
Stuart Cook
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
On The Road

ABSTRACT Concerns regarding climate change and public health have compelled governments to reduce the environmental impact of transport. Many countries are introducing tire labeling and legislation targeting rolling resistance, wet grip, and noise. The proposed U.S. tire label also includes wear performance. Implementation of tire labeling is enabling buyers to choose better tires. The tire industry is responding to these demands and is developing the next generation of green tires. Current passenger tire tread technology is primarily petroleum based; however, the long-term availability of fossil-fuel supplies is limited. Thus a further step to minimize the environmental impact and carbon footprint of tires over their life cycle is to use sustainable materials not derived from fossil-fuels. Sumitomo Rubber Industries used epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) reinforced with silica in their route to a greener fossil-fuel free tire (the ENASAVE 100). At 25 mol% epoxidation, ENR has a glass transition temperature (Tg) most suitable for tread applications. Silica-filled ENR-25 tread compounds deliver lower rolling resistance, hence reduced fuel consumption, and enhanced wet and ice traction compared with benchmark premium passenger or truck treads. Optimization of wear performance to extend product durability is a current focus of research. However, correlation between laboratory abrasion and on-the-road tire wear is notoriously poor. The Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre (TARRC) have used light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to ascertain a mechanistic insight into tread wear, using results from wear studies on-the-road and laboratory abrasion. The results indicate that the mechanism of on-the-road tire wear differs from that of in-laboratory Akron abrasion tests.

On the road to improve the bioremediation and electricity-harvesting skills of Geobacter sulfurreducens: functional and structural characterization of multihaem cytochromes

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Morgado ◽  
Ana P. Fernandes ◽  
Joana M. Dantas ◽  
Marta A. Silva ◽  
Carlos A. Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Haem Proteins

Extracellular electron transfer is one of the physiological hallmarks of Geobacter sulfurreducens, allowing these bacteria to reduce toxic and/or radioactive metals and grow on electrode surfaces. Aiming to functionally optimize the respiratory electron-transfer chains, such properties can be explored through genetically engineered strains. Geobacter species comprise a large number of different multihaem c-type cytochromes involved in the extracellular electron-transfer pathways. The functional characterization of multihaem proteins is particularly complex because of the coexistence of several microstates in solution, connecting the fully reduced and oxidized states. NMR spectroscopy has been used to monitor the stepwise oxidation of each individual haem and thus to obtain information on each microstate. For the structural study of these proteins, a cost-effective isotopic labelling of the protein polypeptide chains was combined with the comparative analysis of 1H-13C HSQC (heteronuclear single-quantum correlation) NMR spectra obtained for labelled and unlabelled samples. These new methodological approaches allowed us to study G. sulfurreducens haem proteins functionally and structurally, revealing functional mechanisms and key residues involved in their electron-transfer capabilities. Such advances can now be applied to the design of engineered haem proteins to improve the bioremediation and electricity-harvesting skills of G. sulfurreducens.

scholarly journals Increasing the uniformity of road surface loading to extend its service life

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
R. V. Andronov ◽  
◽  
B. P. Elkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Road ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Pilot Implementation

The study reveals the problem of heterogeneous loading of road surfacing with vehicle wheels, which leads to the rapid appearance of rutting on the road within 2-3 years and increases the burden on the budgets of the road sectors of cities, regions and the country. The most cost-effective way of extending the service life of road surfacing is presented, namely, periodic shifting of the rolling strips (PSRS), which has passed the stages of research, experiment and the beginning of pilot implementation, but it has not yet found a wide application. The authors review the materials of research on asphalt concrete on rutting testers, asphalt concrete surfacing on the tracks and beyond them, as a scientific substantiation for engineering innovation. The optimal value of the periodic road markup offset is determined from the point of view of probability theory. It is proposed to actively apply the PSRS method on the roads of cities and regions in different climatic zones.

scholarly journals Sugar-cane juice induces pectin lyase and polygalacturonase in Penicillium griseoroseum

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Cristina Minussi ◽  
Juliana Rocha Lopes Soares-Ramos ◽  
Jorge Luiz Cavalcante Coelho ◽  
Daison Olzany Silva
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pectin Lyase ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice ◽  
Penicillium Griseoroseum

The use of other inducers as substitutes for pectin was studied aiming to reduce the production costs of pectic enzymes. The effects of sugar-cane juice on the production of pectin lyase (PL) and polygalacturonase (PG) by Penicillium griseoroseum were investigated. The fungus was cultured in a mineral medium (pH 6.3) in a rotary shaker (150 rpm) for 48 h at 25oC. Culture media were supplemented with yeast extract and sucrose or sugar-cane juice. Sugar-cane juice added singly to the medium promoted higher PL activity and mycelial dry weight when compared to pectin and the use of sugar-cane juice and yeast extract yielded levels of PG activity that were similar to those obtained with sucrose-yeast extract or pectin. The results indicated that, even at low concentrations, sugar-cane juice was capable of inducing pectin lyase and polygalacturonase with no cellulase activity in P. griseoroseum.

scholarly journals Lane Detection and Lane Change Warning as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems using Computer Vision

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5540-5543 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lane Detection ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
On The Road ◽  
New Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques

Road ways are the life line of any economy, for a country like India where economy isgrowing rapidly it is putting its toll on every sector for meeting the needs of the growing economy. Good’s and personal transport are becoming vital with time and money aspects and the roads and vehicles on the roads are expected to perform optimally drastically increasing the speed on the road network and constantly increasing and modifying the infrastructure needed to meet the demands. As the speed of the vehicle increases the accident rate and the damage caused by the collision will also increase. Safety of the road network is not to be compromised and proper systems to ensure the safe passage of the vehicle and proper warning systems are to be implemented. This system should be viable in all the condition and should be cost-effective. In this paper we are implementing a vision based system to identify the lane and other vehicles from the video it captures from a properly calibrated camera mounted on the front side of the vehicle. The system is designed to automatically and continuously detect the lines exploiting the new processing techniques and warning the driver if any other is in the breaking distance of the vehicle or if the vehicle is moving out of the lane. Cost effectiveness of the system is a major aspect as many of the available systems use equipment which very good at performing their task but are not affordable. Effort is put in making the system cost effective and not compromising with the reaction time and accuracy..

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Smart Car Parking System using LabView

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2826-2829
Author(s):  
Bhargavi Vikkurthi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: Due to rapid proliferation in the number of vehicles on the road, finding a vacant car parking space is becoming challenging and ubiquitous in every major city, resulting traffic problems are bound to exist. Increase in traffic causes the number of accidents thatcause serious bodily harm to the road users, the pollution caused by the large amount of CO2 released by the vehicles, and the continuous stress of drivers who must drive in often narrow and very busy roads and who must look for a long time to find a space to park. Thus, tosolve the parking problem, lot of research is being done on smart parking management system mechanisms. The existing system gives us the information about the empty slots availability but does not give information about the exact location of parking slot available in sucha big area. This paper proposes an efficient, cost effective smart car Parking System on wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology using LabView that can easily locate and secure a vacant parking space at any car park deemed convenient to them. The parking slots are continuously monitored, and data is continuously updated in the display board. Index Terms: parking system, smart parking, IR sensor

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