Barley β-glucan increases fecal bile acid excretion and short chain fatty acid levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3092-3096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijo J. Thandapilly ◽  
Saymore P. Ndou ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Charles M. Nyachoti ◽  
Nancy P. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fecal Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Specific Objective

The specific objective of the human feeding trial was to elucidate the role of bile acids and short chain fatty acids in mediating cholesterol lowering effects of barley β-glucan.

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acid Propionate Alleviates Akt2 Knockout-Induced Myocardial Contractile Dysfunction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Li ◽  
Yinan Hua ◽  
Jun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain

Background and Aims. Dysregulation of Akt has been implicated in diseases such as cancer and diabetes, although little is known about the role of Akt deficiency on cardiomyocyte contractile function. This study was designed to examine the effect of Akt2 knockout-induced cardiomyocyte contractile response and the effect of dietary supplementation of short-chain fatty acid propionate on Akt2 knockout-induced cardiac dysfunction, if any.Methods and Results. Adult male wild-type (WT) and Akt2 knockout mice were treated with propionate (0.3 g/kg, p.o.) or vehicle for 7 days. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Cardiomyocyte contractile function and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed. Expression of insulin-signaling molecules Akt, PTEN, GSK3β, and eNOS receptors for short-chain fatty acids GPR41, and GPR43 as well as protein phosphatase PP2AA, PP2AB, PP2C were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Our results revealed that Akt2 knockout led to overt glucose intolerance, compromised cardiomyocyte contractile function (reduced peak shortening and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening as well as prolonged relengthening), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased GPR41 and elevated GPR43 expression, all of which, with the exception of glucose intolerance and elevated GPR43 level, were significantly attenuated by propionate. Neither Akt2 knockout nor propionate affected the expression of protein phosphatases, eNOS, pan, and phosphorylated PTEN and GSK3β.Conclusions. Taken together, these data depicted that Akt2 knockout may elicit cardiomyocyte contractile and mitochondrial defects and a beneficial role of propionate or short-chain fatty acids against Akt2 deficiency-induced cardiac anomalies.

scholarly journals Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations Increase in Newly Paired Male Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhu ◽  
Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute ◽  
Haley R. Hassenstab ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Devin J. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The role by which the gut microbiome influences host health (e.g., energy equilibrium and immune system) may be partly mediated by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial fermentation products from the dietary fibers. However, little is known about longitudinal changes in gut microbiome metabolites during cohabitation alongside social contact. In common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), the gut microbiome community is influenced by social contact, as newly paired males and females develop convergent microbial profiles. Here, we monitored the dynamics of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in common marmoset feces from the prepairing (PRE) to postpairing (POST) stages. In males, we observed that the concentrations of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate significantly increased in the POST stage compared to the PRE stage. However, no significant changes were found in females. We further found that the propionate concentration was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium in the male feces. Thus, the sex difference in the changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids might be related to sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing. We suggest that the significant changes in the gut microbiomes and some short-chain fatty acids of the common marmoset during cohabitation may contribute to physiological homeostasis during pairing. IMPORTANCE This study addressed a knowledge gap about longitudinal changes in the gut microbiome metabolites during animal pairing. This research in the laboratory common marmoset can control for the confounding factors such as diet and other environmental conditions. Phascolarctobacterium showed the highest contribution to the sex-biased transmission of the female to the male after pairing. Here, we observed the sex difference in the increase in short-chain fatty acid concentration in the feces of newly paired marmosets, which may be caused by the sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing.

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids Reduced Renal Calcium Oxalate Stones by Regulating the Expression of Intestinal Oxalate Transporter SLC26A6

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xi Jin ◽  
Yucheng Ma ◽  
Zhongyu Jian ◽  
Zhitao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Healthy Controls

Some studies found that the relative abundances of short-chain-fatty-acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria were lower in the gut microbiota of renal stone patients than healthy controls. Our previous study demonstrated that SCFAs could reduce the formation of renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, but the mechanism is still unknown.

Short-chain fatty acid, acylation and cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Chen ◽  
Xiangqi Chen ◽  
Xiaoqiang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction is a fundamental core mechanism underlying CVDs. Previous studies generally focused on the roles of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in CVDs. However, a growing body of study has implied that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs: namely propionate, malonate, butyrate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (2-HIBA), β-hydroxybutyrate, crotonate, succinate, and glutarate) and their cognate acylations (propionylation, malonylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, crotonylation, succinylation, and glutarylation) participate in CVDs. Here, we attempt to provide an overview landscape of the metabolic pattern of SCFAs in CVDs. Especially, we would focus on the SCFAs and newly identified acylations and their roles in CVDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure.

Short-chain fatty acid propionate improved ventricular electrical remodeling in a rat model with myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-min Zhou ◽  
Di-wen Li ◽  
Ke Xie ◽  
Liao Xu ◽  
Bin Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Electrical Remodeling ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Ventricular Electrical Remodeling

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate (C3), a microorganism metabolite produced by gut microbial fermentation, have parasympathetic-activated effects. Cardiac autonomic rebalancing strategy was considered as an important therapeutic approach to myocardial...

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate Stimulates Adipogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis via GPR43 in Brown Adipocytes

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 1881-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamiao Hu ◽  
Ioannis Kyrou ◽  
Bee K. Tan ◽  
Georgios K. Dimitriadis ◽  
Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Mapk Kinase

Abstract Short-chain fatty acids play crucial roles in a range of physiological functions. However, the effects of short-chain fatty acids on brown adipose tissue have not been fully investigated. We examined the role of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid formed by fermentation in the gut, in the regulation of brown adipocyte metabolism. Our results show that acetate up-regulates adipocyte protein 2, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, and uncoupling protein-1 expression and affects the morphological changes of brown adipocytes during adipogenesis. Moreover, an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis was observed after acetate treatment. Acetate also elicited the activation of ERK and cAMP response element-binding protein, and these responses were sensitive to G(i/o)-type G protein inactivator, Gβγ-subunit inhibitor, phospholipase C inhibitor, and MAPK kinase inhibitor, indicating a role for the G(i/o)βγ/phospholipase C/protein kinase C/MAPK kinase signaling pathway in these responses. These effects of acetate were mimicked by treatment with 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-N-2-thiazolylbenzeneacetamide, a synthetic G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) agonist and were impaired in GPR43 knockdown cells. Taken together, our results indicate that acetate may have important physiological roles in brown adipocytes through the activation of GPR43.

scholarly journals Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: two sides of the same coin

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Suriano ◽  
Sara Vieira-Silva ◽  
Gwen Falony ◽  
Martin Roumain ◽  
Adrien Paquot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice are commonly used mice models mimicking the conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes development. However, although ob/ob and db/db mice are similarly gaining weight and developing massive obesity, db/db mice are more diabetic than ob/ob mice. It remains still unclear why targeting the same pathway—leptin signaling—leads to the development of two different phenotypes. Given that gut microbes dialogue with the host via different metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) but also contribute to the regulation of bile acids metabolism, we investigated whether inflammatory markers, bacterial components, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbes could contribute to explain the specific phenotype discriminating the onset of an obese and/or a diabetic state in ob/ob and db/db mice. Results Six-week-old ob/ob and db/db mice were followed for 7 weeks; they had comparable body weight, fat mass, and lean mass gain, confirming their severely obese status. However, as expected, the glucose metabolism and the glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly different between ob/ob and db/db mice. Strikingly, the fat distribution was different, with db/db mice having more subcutaneous and ob/ob mice having more epididymal fat. In addition, liver steatosis was more pronounced in the ob/ob mice than in db/db mice. We also found very distinct inflammatory profiles between ob/ob and db/db mice, with a more pronounced inflammatory tone in the liver for ob/ob mice as compared to a higher inflammatory tone in the (subcutaneous) adipose tissue for db/db mice. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that the quantity of 19 microbial taxa was in some way affected by the genotype. Furthermore, we also show that serum LPS concentration, hepatic bile acid content, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles were differently affected by the two genotypes. Conclusion Taken together, our results elucidate potential mechanisms implicated in the development of an obese or a diabetic state in two genetic models characterized by an altered leptin signaling. We propose that these differences could be linked to specific inflammatory tones, serum LPS concentration, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid profile, and gut microbiota composition.

Agavins reverse the metabolic disorders in overweight mice through the increment of short chain fatty acids and hormones

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3720-3727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Huazano-García ◽  
Mercedes G. López
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Diet Shift

In this study, the effects of agavins (branched fructans) along with a diet shift on metabolic parameters, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and gastrointestinal hormones in overweight mice were established.

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