scholarly journals Randomised clinical study: inulin short-chain fatty acid esters for targeted delivery of short-chain fatty acids to the human colon

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Polyviou ◽  
K. MacDougall ◽  
E. S. Chambers ◽  
A. Viardot ◽  
A. Psichas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals Chemical Labeling Assisted Detection and Identification of Short Chain Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acid in Rat Colon and Cecum Contents

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda ◽  
Divyavani Gowda ◽  
Chongsheng Liang ◽  
Yonghan Li ◽  
Kentaro Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Acid Esters

Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are novel endogenous lipids with important physiological functions in mammals. We previously identified a new type of FAHFAs, named short-chain fatty acid esterified hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), with acetyl or propyl esters of hydroxy fatty acids of carbon chains, C ≥ 20. However, sensitive determination of SFAHFAs is still a challenge, due to their high structural similarity and low abundance in biological samples. This study employs one-step chemical derivatization following total lipid extraction using 2-dimethylaminoethylamine (DMED) for enhanced detection of SFAHFAs. The labeled extracts were subjected to ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap MS). Our results demonstrated that the detection sensitivities of SFAHFAs increased after DMED labeling, and is highly helpful in discovering six additional novel SFAHFAs in the cecum and colon contents of WKAH/HKmSlc rats fed with normal and high-fat diet (HFD). The identified DMED labeled SFAHFAs were characterized by their detailed MS/MS analysis, and their plausible fragmentation patterns were proposed. The concentrations of SFAHFAs were significantly reduced in the cecum of HFD group compared to the control. Hence, the proposed method could be a promising tool to apply for the enhanced detection of SFAHFAs in various biological matrices, which in turn facilitate the understanding of their sources, and physiological functions of these novel lipids.

scholarly journals Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations Increase in Newly Paired Male Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhu ◽  
Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute ◽  
Haley R. Hassenstab ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Devin J. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The role by which the gut microbiome influences host health (e.g., energy equilibrium and immune system) may be partly mediated by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial fermentation products from the dietary fibers. However, little is known about longitudinal changes in gut microbiome metabolites during cohabitation alongside social contact. In common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), the gut microbiome community is influenced by social contact, as newly paired males and females develop convergent microbial profiles. Here, we monitored the dynamics of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in common marmoset feces from the prepairing (PRE) to postpairing (POST) stages. In males, we observed that the concentrations of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate significantly increased in the POST stage compared to the PRE stage. However, no significant changes were found in females. We further found that the propionate concentration was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium in the male feces. Thus, the sex difference in the changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids might be related to sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing. We suggest that the significant changes in the gut microbiomes and some short-chain fatty acids of the common marmoset during cohabitation may contribute to physiological homeostasis during pairing. IMPORTANCE This study addressed a knowledge gap about longitudinal changes in the gut microbiome metabolites during animal pairing. This research in the laboratory common marmoset can control for the confounding factors such as diet and other environmental conditions. Phascolarctobacterium showed the highest contribution to the sex-biased transmission of the female to the male after pairing. Here, we observed the sex difference in the increase in short-chain fatty acid concentration in the feces of newly paired marmosets, which may be caused by the sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing.

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids Reduced Renal Calcium Oxalate Stones by Regulating the Expression of Intestinal Oxalate Transporter SLC26A6

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xi Jin ◽  
Yucheng Ma ◽  
Zhongyu Jian ◽  
Zhitao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Healthy Controls

Some studies found that the relative abundances of short-chain-fatty-acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria were lower in the gut microbiota of renal stone patients than healthy controls. Our previous study demonstrated that SCFAs could reduce the formation of renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, but the mechanism is still unknown.

Short-chain fatty acid, acylation and cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Chen ◽  
Xiangqi Chen ◽  
Xiaoqiang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction is a fundamental core mechanism underlying CVDs. Previous studies generally focused on the roles of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in CVDs. However, a growing body of study has implied that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs: namely propionate, malonate, butyrate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (2-HIBA), β-hydroxybutyrate, crotonate, succinate, and glutarate) and their cognate acylations (propionylation, malonylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, crotonylation, succinylation, and glutarylation) participate in CVDs. Here, we attempt to provide an overview landscape of the metabolic pattern of SCFAs in CVDs. Especially, we would focus on the SCFAs and newly identified acylations and their roles in CVDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure.

Short-chain fatty acid propionate improved ventricular electrical remodeling in a rat model with myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-min Zhou ◽  
Di-wen Li ◽  
Ke Xie ◽  
Liao Xu ◽  
Bin Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Electrical Remodeling ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Ventricular Electrical Remodeling

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate (C3), a microorganism metabolite produced by gut microbial fermentation, have parasympathetic-activated effects. Cardiac autonomic rebalancing strategy was considered as an important therapeutic approach to myocardial...

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate Stimulates Adipogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis via GPR43 in Brown Adipocytes

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 1881-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamiao Hu ◽  
Ioannis Kyrou ◽  
Bee K. Tan ◽  
Georgios K. Dimitriadis ◽  
Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Mapk Kinase

Abstract Short-chain fatty acids play crucial roles in a range of physiological functions. However, the effects of short-chain fatty acids on brown adipose tissue have not been fully investigated. We examined the role of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid formed by fermentation in the gut, in the regulation of brown adipocyte metabolism. Our results show that acetate up-regulates adipocyte protein 2, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, and uncoupling protein-1 expression and affects the morphological changes of brown adipocytes during adipogenesis. Moreover, an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis was observed after acetate treatment. Acetate also elicited the activation of ERK and cAMP response element-binding protein, and these responses were sensitive to G(i/o)-type G protein inactivator, Gβγ-subunit inhibitor, phospholipase C inhibitor, and MAPK kinase inhibitor, indicating a role for the G(i/o)βγ/phospholipase C/protein kinase C/MAPK kinase signaling pathway in these responses. These effects of acetate were mimicked by treatment with 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-N-2-thiazolylbenzeneacetamide, a synthetic G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) agonist and were impaired in GPR43 knockdown cells. Taken together, our results indicate that acetate may have important physiological roles in brown adipocytes through the activation of GPR43.

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