Short-chain fatty acid, acylation and cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Chen ◽  
Xiangqi Chen ◽  
Xiaoqiang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction is a fundamental core mechanism underlying CVDs. Previous studies generally focused on the roles of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in CVDs. However, a growing body of study has implied that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs: namely propionate, malonate, butyrate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (2-HIBA), β-hydroxybutyrate, crotonate, succinate, and glutarate) and their cognate acylations (propionylation, malonylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, crotonylation, succinylation, and glutarylation) participate in CVDs. Here, we attempt to provide an overview landscape of the metabolic pattern of SCFAs in CVDs. Especially, we would focus on the SCFAs and newly identified acylations and their roles in CVDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure.

scholarly journals Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations Increase in Newly Paired Male Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhu ◽  
Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute ◽  
Haley R. Hassenstab ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Devin J. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The role by which the gut microbiome influences host health (e.g., energy equilibrium and immune system) may be partly mediated by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial fermentation products from the dietary fibers. However, little is known about longitudinal changes in gut microbiome metabolites during cohabitation alongside social contact. In common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), the gut microbiome community is influenced by social contact, as newly paired males and females develop convergent microbial profiles. Here, we monitored the dynamics of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in common marmoset feces from the prepairing (PRE) to postpairing (POST) stages. In males, we observed that the concentrations of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate significantly increased in the POST stage compared to the PRE stage. However, no significant changes were found in females. We further found that the propionate concentration was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium in the male feces. Thus, the sex difference in the changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids might be related to sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing. We suggest that the significant changes in the gut microbiomes and some short-chain fatty acids of the common marmoset during cohabitation may contribute to physiological homeostasis during pairing. IMPORTANCE This study addressed a knowledge gap about longitudinal changes in the gut microbiome metabolites during animal pairing. This research in the laboratory common marmoset can control for the confounding factors such as diet and other environmental conditions. Phascolarctobacterium showed the highest contribution to the sex-biased transmission of the female to the male after pairing. Here, we observed the sex difference in the increase in short-chain fatty acid concentration in the feces of newly paired marmosets, which may be caused by the sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing.

scholarly journals Mouse GPR40 heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes is activated by short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. C785-C792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Stewart ◽  
Tohru Hira ◽  
Andrew Higgins ◽  
Craig P. Smith ◽  
John T. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Several orphan G protein-coupled receptors, including GPR40, have recently been shown to be responsive to fatty acids. Although previous reports have suggested GPR40 detects medium- and long-chain fatty acids, it has been reported to be unresponsive to short chain fatty acids. In this study, we have heterologously expressed mouse GPR40 in Xenopus laevis oocytes and measured fatty acid-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+, via two electrode voltage clamp recordings of the endogenous Ca2+-activated chloride conductance. Exposure to 500 μM linoleic acid (C18:2), a long-chain fatty acid, stimulated significant currents in mGPR40-injected oocytes ( P < 0.01, ANOVA), but not in water-injected control oocytes (not significant, ANOVA). These currents were confirmed as Ca2+-activated chloride conductances because they were biphasic, sensitive to changes in external pH, and inhibited by DIDS. Similar currents were observed with medium-chain fatty acids, such as lauric acid (C12:0) ( P < 0.01, ANOVA), and more importantly, with short-chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid (C4:0) ( P < 0.01, ANOVA). In contrast, no responses were observed in mGPR40-injected oocytes exposed to either acetic acid (C2:0) or propionic acid (C3:0). Therefore, GPR40 has the capacity to respond to fatty acids with chain lengths of four or greater. This finding has important implications for understanding the structure:function relationship of fatty acid sensors, and potentially for short-chain fatty acid sensing in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Short-chain fatty acid formation in the hindgut of rats fed oligosaccharides varying in monomeric composition, degree of polymerisation and solubility

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Nilsson ◽  
Margareta Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Degree Of Polymerisation ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The contents of short-chain fatty acids were investigated in rats fed lactitol, lactulose and four fructo-oligosaccharides of different degree of polymerisation and solubility. Fructo-oligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerisation (2–8) generated the highest levels of butyric acid all along the hindgut, whereas fructo-oligosaccharides with a high degree of polymerisation (10–60) generated the highest levels of propionic acid. These specific differences were also generally reflected in the caecal pools and molar proportions of short-chain fatty acids. The lower solubility of the fructo-oligosaccharides was related to a lower degree of caecal fermentation. Lactulose and lactitol yielded high proportions of acetic acid and low proportions of butyric acid. It is concluded that both the degree of polymerisation and the solubility may affect short-chain fatty acid formation, whereas the fructose contentper seseem to be of less importance. This may be of interest when designing foods with specific health effects.

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production maximization by modeling thermophilic sludge fermentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Zuo ◽  
Min Zheng ◽  
Huilei Xiong ◽  
Hanchang Shi ◽  
Xia Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Solid Retention Time ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Devising a model to optimize organic and microbial community inputs, temperature and solid retention time for production of more short-chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals Short chain fatty acids and methylamines produced by gut microbiota as mediators and markers in the circulatory system

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Onyszkiewicz ◽  
Kinga Jaworska ◽  
Marcin Ufnal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Ample evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived products affect the circulatory system functions. For instance, short chain fatty acids, that are the products of dietary fiber bacterial fermentation, have been found to dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite of carnitine and choline, has recently emerged as a potentially toxic molecule for the circulatory system. To enter the bloodstream, microbiota products cross the gut–blood barrier, a multilayer system of the intestinal wall. Notably, experimental and clinical studies show that cardiovascular diseases may compromise function of the gut–blood barrier and increase gut-to-blood penetration of microbiota-derived molecules. Hence, the bacteria products and the gut–blood barrier may be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we review research on the cardiovascular effects of microbiota-produced short chain fatty acids and methylamines. Impact statement Despite a progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, there are still significant gaps in understanding complex mechanisms underlying cardiovascular pathology. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota products such as short chain fatty acids or methylamines may affect the circulatory system in health and disease. Hence, the microbiota-derived molecules are potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Therapeutic options may include administration of selected bacterial strains (probiotics) producing desired metabolites or administration of direct gut microbiota products.

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) concentrations in human milk consumed by infants born at different gestational ages and the variations in concentration during lactation stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1869-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Dai ◽  
Tinglan Yuan ◽  
Xinghe Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Huiya Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids (4:0, 6:0 and 8:0) are naturally occurring in human milk triacylglycerol and are present in highest amounts in mature full-term infant milk (1.47 ± 0.66 mg g−1 fat).

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids Reduced Renal Calcium Oxalate Stones by Regulating the Expression of Intestinal Oxalate Transporter SLC26A6

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xi Jin ◽  
Yucheng Ma ◽  
Zhongyu Jian ◽  
Zhitao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Healthy Controls

Some studies found that the relative abundances of short-chain-fatty-acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria were lower in the gut microbiota of renal stone patients than healthy controls. Our previous study demonstrated that SCFAs could reduce the formation of renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, but the mechanism is still unknown.

Short-chain fatty acid propionate improved ventricular electrical remodeling in a rat model with myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-min Zhou ◽  
Di-wen Li ◽  
Ke Xie ◽  
Liao Xu ◽  
Bin Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Electrical Remodeling ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Ventricular Electrical Remodeling

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate (C3), a microorganism metabolite produced by gut microbial fermentation, have parasympathetic-activated effects. Cardiac autonomic rebalancing strategy was considered as an important therapeutic approach to myocardial...

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