Sustainable production of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) with an enriched mixed bacterial culture: microbial characterization using molecular methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkateswar Reddy ◽  
S. Venkata Mohan ◽  
Young-Cheol Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Mixed Bacterial Culture ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Characterization ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Chain elongation is the process by which bacteria convert ethanol and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) into medium chain fatty acids (MCFA).

scholarly journals The Divergent Immunomodulatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Medium Chain Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6453
Author(s):  
Qi Hui Sam ◽  
Hua Ling ◽  
Wen Shan Yew ◽  
Zhaohong Tan ◽  
Sharada Ravikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are derived from diet and fermentative processes by the intestinal flora. Two to five carbon chain fatty acids, termed short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are increasingly recognized to play a role in intestinal homeostasis. However, the characteristics of slightly longer 6 to 10 carbon, medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), derived primarily from diet, are less understood. Here, we demonstrated that SCFA and MCFA have divergent immunomodulatory propensities. SCFA down-attenuated host pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα response predominantly through the TLR4 pathway, whereas MCFA augmented inflammation through TLR2. Butyric (C4) and decanoic (C10) acid displayed most potent modulatory effects within the SCFA and MCFA, respectively. Reduction in TRAF3, IRF3 and TRAF6 expression were observed with butyric acid. Decanoic acid induced up-regulation of GPR84 and PPARγ and altered HIF-1α/HIF-2α ratio. These variant immune characteristics of the fatty acids which differ by just several carbon atoms may be attributable to their origins, with SCFA being primarily endogenous and playing a physiological role, and MCFA exogenously from the diet.

In vivo absorption of medium-chain fatty acids by the rat colon exceeds that of short-chain fatty acids

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy R. Jørgensen ◽  
Mark D. Fitch ◽  
Per B. Mortensen ◽  
Sharon E. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vivo Absorption ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) concentrations in human milk consumed by infants born at different gestational ages and the variations in concentration during lactation stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1869-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Dai ◽  
Tinglan Yuan ◽  
Xinghe Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Huiya Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids (4:0, 6:0 and 8:0) are naturally occurring in human milk triacylglycerol and are present in highest amounts in mature full-term infant milk (1.47 ± 0.66 mg g−1 fat).

scholarly journals Multi-omic analysis of medium-chain fatty acid synthesis by Candidatus Weimerbacter bifidus, gen. nov., sp. nov., and Candidatus Pseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Scarborough ◽  
Kevin S. Myers ◽  
Timothy J. Donohue ◽  
Daniel R. Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACTChain elongation is emerging as a bioprocess to produce valuable medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 6 to 8 carbons in length) from organic waste streams by harnessing the metabolism of anaerobic microbiomes. Although our understanding of chain elongation physiology is still evolving, the reverse β-oxidation pathway has been identified as a key metabolic function to elongate the intermediate products of fermentation to MCFA. Here, we describe two chain-elongating microorganisms that were enriched in an anaerobic microbiome transforming the residues from a lignocellulosic biorefining process to short- and medium-chain fatty acids. Based on a multi-omic analysis of this microbiome, we predict that Candidatus Weimerbacter bifidus, gen. nov., sp. nov. used xylose to produce MCFA, whereas Candidatus Pseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov., used glycerol and lactate as substrates for chain elongation. Both organisms are predicted to use an energy conserving hydrogenase to improve the overall bioenergetics of MCFA production.IMPORTANCEMicrobiomes are vital to human health, agriculture, environmental processes, and are receiving attention as biological catalysts for production of renewable industrial chemicals. Chain elongation by MCFA-producing microbiomes offer an opportunity to produce valuable chemicals from organic streams that otherwise would be considered waste. However, the physiology and energetics of chain elongation is only beginning to be studied, and we are analyzing MCFA production by self-assembled communities to complement the knowledge that has been acquired from pure culture studies. Through a multi-omic analysis of an MCFA-producing microbiome, we characterized metabolic functions of two chain elongating bacteria and predict previously unreported features of this process.

scholarly journals Circulating short and medium chain fatty acids are associated with normoalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes of long duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salina Moon ◽  
John J. Tsay ◽  
Heather Lampert ◽  
Zaipul I. Md Dom ◽  
Aleksandar D. Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractA substantial number of subjects with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) of long duration never develop albuminuria or renal function impairment, yet the underlying protective mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, our study included 308 Joslin Kidney Study subjects who had T1D of long duration (median: 24 years), maintained normal renal function and had either normoalbuminuria or a broad range of albuminuria within the 2 years preceding the metabolomic determinations. Serum samples were subjected to global metabolomic profiling. 352 metabolites were detected in at least 80% of the study population. In the logistic analyses adjusted for multiple testing (Bonferroni corrected α = 0.000028), we identified 38 metabolites associated with persistent normoalbuminuria independently from clinical covariates. Protective metabolites were enriched in Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFAs) and in Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) and particularly involved odd-numbered and dicarboxylate Fatty Acids. One quartile change of nonanoate, the top protective MCFA, was associated with high odds of having persistent normoalbuminuria (OR (95% CI) 0.14 (0.09, 0.23); p < 10–12). Multivariable Random Forest analysis concordantly indicated to MCFAs as effective classifiers. Associations of the relevant Fatty Acids with albuminuria seemed to parallel associations with tubular biomarkers. Our findings suggest that MCFAs and SCFAs contribute to the metabolic processes underlying protection against albuminuria development in T1D that are independent from mechanisms associated with changes in renal function.

Short chain and medium chain fatty acids production using food waste under non-augmented and bio-augmented conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motakatla Venkateswar Reddy ◽  
Satoru Hayashi ◽  
Dubok Choi ◽  
Hoon Cho ◽  
Young-Cheol Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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