scholarly journals Multi-omic analysis of medium-chain fatty acid synthesis by Candidatus Weimerbacter bifidus, gen. nov., sp. nov., and Candidatus Pseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Scarborough ◽  
Kevin S. Myers ◽  
Timothy J. Donohue ◽  
Daniel R. Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACTChain elongation is emerging as a bioprocess to produce valuable medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 6 to 8 carbons in length) from organic waste streams by harnessing the metabolism of anaerobic microbiomes. Although our understanding of chain elongation physiology is still evolving, the reverse β-oxidation pathway has been identified as a key metabolic function to elongate the intermediate products of fermentation to MCFA. Here, we describe two chain-elongating microorganisms that were enriched in an anaerobic microbiome transforming the residues from a lignocellulosic biorefining process to short- and medium-chain fatty acids. Based on a multi-omic analysis of this microbiome, we predict that Candidatus Weimerbacter bifidus, gen. nov., sp. nov. used xylose to produce MCFA, whereas Candidatus Pseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov., used glycerol and lactate as substrates for chain elongation. Both organisms are predicted to use an energy conserving hydrogenase to improve the overall bioenergetics of MCFA production.IMPORTANCEMicrobiomes are vital to human health, agriculture, environmental processes, and are receiving attention as biological catalysts for production of renewable industrial chemicals. Chain elongation by MCFA-producing microbiomes offer an opportunity to produce valuable chemicals from organic streams that otherwise would be considered waste. However, the physiology and energetics of chain elongation is only beginning to be studied, and we are analyzing MCFA production by self-assembled communities to complement the knowledge that has been acquired from pure culture studies. Through a multi-omic analysis of an MCFA-producing microbiome, we characterized metabolic functions of two chain elongating bacteria and predict previously unreported features of this process.

Sustainable production of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) with an enriched mixed bacterial culture: microbial characterization using molecular methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkateswar Reddy ◽  
S. Venkata Mohan ◽  
Young-Cheol Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Mixed Bacterial Culture ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Characterization ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Chain elongation is the process by which bacteria convert ethanol and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) into medium chain fatty acids (MCFA).

scholarly journals Transacylation as a chain-termination mechanism in fatty acid synthesis by mammalian fatty acid synthetase. Synthesis of medium-chain-length (C8-C12) acyl-CoA esters by goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase

1982 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Knudsen ◽  
I Grunnet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

1. Ruminant mammary-gland fatty acid synthetases can, in contrast with non-ruminant mammary enzymes, synthesize medium-chain fatty acids. 2. Medium-chain fatty acids are only synthesized in the presence of a fatty acid-removing system such as albumin, beta-lactoglobulin or methylated cyclodextrin. 3. The short- and medium-chain fatty acids synthesized were released as acyl-CoA esters from the fatty acid synthetase.

Factors Controlling Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Plastids from Maturing Cuphea Embryos

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Fuhrmann ◽  
Klaus-Peter Heise
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract The colorless embryos of Cuphea wrightii A. Gray accumulate capric (about 30%) and lauric acid (about 50%) in their storage lipids. Fractionation studies show that the capacities for the synthesis of these medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) from [1-14C]acetate were strictly bound to intact plastids. These, in turn, obligately required the addition of ATP. ATP could partially be substituted by ADP. Reduction of the pyridine nucleotide pool, required for opti­mum MCFA formation within the plastids, was driven by glucose 6-phosphate. Under these conditions the plastids were capable of synthesizing MCFA like the intact tissue. The presence of CoA in the incubation medium induced acyl-CoA formation. The observed accumulation of unesterified capric and lauric acid in the absence of CoA suggests that acyl-ACP thioesterase activity is involved in the chain termination. Treatment with cerulenin led to an unexpectedly small reduction of total fatty acid synthesis while the chain elongation of capric acid was clearly inhibited. A similar accumulation of capric acid at the expense of longer chain fatty acids has been observed after replacing ATP by ADP. These findings implicate that even the condensing enzymes are involved in the control of chain ter­mination.

scholarly journals Triacylglycerol synthesis in goat mammary gland. The effect of ATP, Mg2+ and glycerol 3-phosphate on the esterification of fatty acids synthesized de novo

1984 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
H O Hansen ◽  
I Grunnet ◽  
J Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Goat mammary-gland microsomal fraction by itself induces synthesis of medium-chain-length fatty acids by goat mammary fatty acid synthetase and incorporates short- and medium-chain fatty acids into triacylglycerol. Addition of ATP in the absence or presence of Mg2+ totally inhibits triacylglycerol synthesis from short- and medium-chain fatty acids, and severely inhibits synthesis de novo of medium-chain fatty acids. The inhibition by ATP of fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol synthesis de novo can be relieved by glycerol 3-phosphate. The effect of ATP could not be mimicked by the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, adenosine 5′-[beta, gamma-methylene]triphosphate and could not be shown to be caused by inhibition of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase by a phosphorylation reaction. Possible explanations for the mechanism of the inhibition by ATP are discussed, and a hypothetical model for its action is outlined.

Medium chain fatty acids production by microbial chain elongation: Recent advances

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-99
Author(s):  
Sompong O-Thong ◽  
Xinyu Zhu ◽  
Irini Angelidaki ◽  
Shicheng Zhang ◽  
Gang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Enhanced Bioavailability of Curcumin Nanoemulsions Stabilized with Phosphatidylcholine Modified with Medium Chain Fatty Acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica A. Ochoa-Flores ◽  
Josafat A. Hernández-Becerra ◽  
Adriana Cavazos-Garduño ◽  
Ida Soto-Rodríguez ◽  
Maria Guadalupe Sanchez-Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effects of ketogenic diet containing medium-chain fatty acids on serum inflammatory factor and mTOR signaling pathway in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Liu ◽  
Jingwei Huang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Quansheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background The ketogenic diet (KD) can promote the anti-inflammatory metabolic state and increase ketone body level in rats. This study was to explore the effects and differences of KD with or without medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on serum inflammatory factors and mTOR pathway in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Results Male SD rats were assigned to five groups: control diet (C), 20% caloric restriction diet (LC), 20% caloric restriction ketogenic diet (containing MCFAs) (LCKD1), 20% caloric restriction ketogenic diet (LCKD2) and 20% caloric restriction foreign ketogenic diet (LCKD3), and fed for 30 d. LC and KD could significantly reduce the body weight of rats; LC and KD containing MCFAs showed anti-inflammatory effects; KD without MCFAs decreased the concentration of mTOR1, while KD containing MCFAs decreased the expression of AMPK, mtor1 and P70sk. Conclusions KD containing MCFAs showed better effects on the mTOR pathway and anti-inflammation than that without MCFAs.

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