A rapid metal free synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles using cuttlebone as a natural high effective and low cost heterogeneous catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (62) ◽  
pp. 49849-49860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara S. E. Ghodsinia ◽  
Batool Akhlaghinia
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Substituted 1

A convenient, rapid and metal free synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles by [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of nitriles with sodium azide. Cuttlebone as a natural low cost heterogeneous catalyst affords 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles rapidly with high efficiency.

The first report on the eco-friendly synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles in PEG catalyzed by Cu(ii) immobilized on Fe3O4@SiO2@l-arginine as a novel, recyclable and non-corrosive catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (39) ◽  
pp. 32653-32660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani ◽  
Lotfi Shiri ◽  
Gouhar Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
First Report ◽  
Substituted 1

Cu(ii) immobilized on Fe3O4@SiO2@l-arginine as a novel nanostructured compound catalyzed the cycloaddition reaction of organic nitriles and sodium azide to produce 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles.

scholarly journals Ferric Hydrogensulfate As a Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 5-Substituted-1H-Tetrazoles and Amides

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Eshghi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Seyedi ◽  
Elaheh Rahimi Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Aromatic Nitriles ◽  
Simple Filtration ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Aqueous Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Substituted 1

Ferric hydrogensulfate catalyzed the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via [2 + 3] cycloaddition of nitriles and sodium azide. This method has the advantages of high yields, simple methodology, and easy workup. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and reused delivering good yields. Also, ferric hydrogensulfate catalyzed the hydrolysis of nitriles to primary amides under aqueous conditions. Various aliphatic and aromatic nitriles converted to the corresponding amides in good yields without any contamination with carboxylic acids.

Metal free synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthenes using orange peel as a natural and low cost efficient heterogeneous catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (90) ◽  
pp. 87082-87087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Taghavi ◽  
Mostafa Gholizadeh ◽  
Amir Sh. Saljooghi ◽  
Mohammad Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Xanthene Derivatives ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst

In this work, a facile, efficient and metal free catalytic system has been developed for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene derivativesviaa one-pot three-component condensation of various aldehydes, 2-naphthol, and dimedone.

One-step Bulk Fabrication of CaO/Carbon Heterogeneous Catalyst from Calcium Citrate for Rapid Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) by Transesterification of Ethylene Carbonate (EC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang WEI ◽  
Gang Zhang ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Xue Jun Chen ◽  
Gongying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Citrate ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
One Step

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is well known as an extremely industrially valuable substance. The demand for high-efficiency synthesis of DMC has greatly driven the exploration of novel catalysts and their low-cost...

An Expeditious Route for the Synthesis of Oxazepine Triazolo-β-Lactams through Intramolecular Metal-Free [3+2] Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Ram N. Yadav ◽  
Sunena Chandra ◽  
Armando Paniagua ◽  
Md. Firoj Hossain ◽  
Bimal Krishna Banik
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Internal Alkynes

A copper-free intramolecular azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction of 4-hydroxymethyl-β-lactam with sodium azide has been described. The present approach involves the incorporation of an alkyne moiety through O-alkynylation of 3-hydroxy β-lactam with various propargylic halides. The generality of the method has been demonstrated by treating the corresponding tosylates or mesylates of the hydroxymethyl functionality of a variety of β-lactam-tethered terminal and internal alkynes with sodium azide in a one-pot three-step reaction to furnish novel oxazepane-β-lactam fused triazole scaffolds of diverse interest in good yield.

scholarly journals InCl3-Catalyzed [2+3] Cycloaddition Reaction: A Rapid Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-tetrazole under Microwave Irradiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay S. Patil ◽  
Kamlakar P. Nandre ◽  
Amulrao U. Borse ◽  
Sidhanath V. Bhosale
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Excellent Yield ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Substituted 1

A series of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole were efficiently prepared by InCl3catalyzed (10 mol %) from structurally divert organic nitriles with sodium azide under the influence of microwave irradiation. The present protocol was successfully applied to the aliphatic, aryl, benzylic and heterocyclic nitriles and corresponding 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole were obtained in good to excellent yield (70-96%). This method gives remarkable advantages such as short reaction time, simple work-up procedure and economical beneficial.

Interactions between Dopants in Dual-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons as Metal-Free Bifunctional Catalysts for Fuel Cell and Metal-Air Batteries

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghang Zhao ◽  
Zhenhai Xia
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Graphene Nanoribbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Bifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterial ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Co Doped

ABSTRACTDuel p-block element doped carbon nanomaterial is a new kind of metal-free bifunctional catalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries because of their low-cost and high efficiency compared to traditional noble metals and their alloys. To optimize co-doped catalysts, we studied the interactions of dopants on the doped graphene and their effect on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It is found that the interactions between N and X (P, B, S) occur within a distance of ∼0.5 nm, and beyond the distance their interactions are limited while the interactions between N and Cl take places beyond the distance of ∼0.5 nm.

Influence of MBE Growth Conditions on Dislocation Densities of GaAs/Ge Epilayers Grown on Silicon Substrates

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
K.M. Hones ◽  
P. Sheldon ◽  
B.G. Yacobi ◽  
A. Mason
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nonradiative Recombination ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dislocation Densities ◽  
Dislocation Type

There is increasing interest in growing epitaxial GaAs on Si substrates. Such a device structure would allow low-cost substrates to be used for high-efficiency cascade- junction solar cells. However, high-defect densities may result from the large lattice mismatch (∼4%) between the GaAs epilayer and the silicon substrate. These defects can act as nonradiative recombination centers that can degrade the optical and electrical properties of the epitaxially grown GaAs. For this reason, it is important to optimize epilayer growth conditions in order to minimize resulting dislocation densities. The purpose of this paper is to provide an indication of the quality of the epitaxially grown GaAs layers by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine dislocation type and density as a function of various growth conditions. In this study an intermediate Ge layer was used to avoid nucleation difficulties observed for GaAs growth directly on Si substrates. GaAs/Ge epilayers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si substrates in a manner similar to that described previously.

Improvement of Ti/RuO2–IrO2 Anode Lifetime and Electrocatalytical Properties by Using an Eco-Friendly Thermal Decomposition Method Using Polyvinyl Alcohol as Solvent

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlys Bezerra ◽  
Géssica Santos ◽  
Marilia Pupo ◽  
Maria Gomes ◽  
Ronaldo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Pechini Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Service Lifetime

<p>Electrochemical oxidation processes are promising solutions for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency, easy control and versatility. Mixed metal oxides (MMO) anodes are particularly attractive due to their low cost and specific catalytic properties. Here, we propose an innovative thermal decomposition methodology using <a>polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)</a> as a solvent to prepare Ti/RuO<sub>2</sub>–IrO<sub>2</sub> anodes. Comparative anodes were prepared by conventional method employing a polymeric precursor solvent (Pechini method). The calcination temperatures studied were 300, 400 and 500 °C. The physical characterisation of all materials was performed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, while electrochemical characterisation was done by cyclic voltammetry, accelerated service lifetime and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Both RuO<sub>2</sub> and IrO<sub>2</sub> have rutile-type structures for all anodes. Rougher and more compact surfaces are formed for the anodes prepared using PVA. Amongst temperatures studied, 300 °C using PVA as solvent is the most suitable one to produce anodes with expressive increase in voltammetric charge (250%) and accelerated service lifetime (4.3 times longer) besides reducing charge-transfer resistance (8 times lower). Moreover, the electrocatalytic activity of the anodes synthesised with PVA toward the Reactive Blue 21 dye removal in chloride medium (100 % in 30 min) is higher than that prepared by Pechini method (60 min). Additionally, the removal total organic carbon point out improved mineralisation potential of PVA anodes. Finally, this study reports a novel methodology using PVA as solvent to synthesise Ti/RuO<sub>2</sub>–IrO<sub>2</sub> anodes with improved properties that can be further extended to synthesise other MMO compositions.</p>

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