NMR-based metabolomics approach to study the chronic toxicity of crude ricin from castor bean kernels on rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2426-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Guo ◽  
Junsong Wang ◽  
Ge Dong ◽  
Dandan Wei ◽  
Minghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
First Time

NMR based metabolomics approach combined with OSC-PLSDA was applied to investigate the chronic toxicity of crude ricin from castor bean kernels on rats for the first time.

Chronic toxicity of crude ricinine in rats assessed by1H NMR metabolomics analysis

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (34) ◽  
pp. 27018-27028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Guo ◽  
Dandan Wei ◽  
Junsong Wang ◽  
Ge Dong ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
First Time ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

A1H-NMR based metabolomics approach combined with OSC-PLS-DA was applied to investigate the chronic toxicity of crude ricinine from castor bean shell in rats for the first time.

scholarly journals Cyclic Imines (CIs) in Mussels from North-Central Adriatic Sea: First Evidence of Gymnodimine A in Italy

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Simone Bacchiocchi ◽  
Melania Siracusa ◽  
Debora Campacci ◽  
Martina Ciriaci ◽  
Alessandra Dubbini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
North Central ◽  
Lipophilic Toxins ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Digestive Glands

Cyclic imines (CIs) are emerging marine lipophilic toxins (MLTs) occurring in microalgae and shellfish worldwide. The present research aimed to study CIs in mussels farmed in the Adriatic Sea (Italy) during the period 2014–2015. Twenty-eight different compounds belonging to spirolides (SPXs), gymnodimines (GYMs), pinnatoxins (PnTXs) and pteriatoxins (PtTXs) were analyzed by the official method for MLTs in 139 mussel samples collected along the Marche coast. Compounds including 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13-desMe SPX C) and 13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C (13,19-didesMe SPX C) were detected in 86% of the samples. The highest levels were generally reported in the first half of the year reaching 29.2 µg kg−1 in January/March with a decreasing trend until June. GYM A, for the first time reported in Italian mussels, was found in 84% of the samples, reaching the highest concentration in summer (12.1 µg kg−1). GYM A and SPXs, submitted to tissue distribution studies, showed the tendency to accumulate mostly in mussel digestive glands. Even if SPX levels in mussels were largely below the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference of 400 μg SPXs kg−1, most of the samples contained CIs for the large part of the year. Since chronic toxicity data are still missing, monitoring is surely recommended.

scholarly journals Chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles: effects on survival and reproductive traits of the marine copepod Tigriopus fulvus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Parlapiano ◽  
Francesca Biandolino ◽  
Valentino Russo ◽  
Loredana Manfra ◽  
Alice Rotini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

The use of biological models has been recognized as very important in nanoecotoxicology for the understanding of Nanoparticle (NP) ecotoxicological effects. This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the chronic toxicity of Zinc Oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) on survival and reproductive traits of the marine copepod Tigriopus fulvus. Moults number, sex ratio, developmental time of nauplius and copepodid, fecundity and hatching time were assessed as sublethal endpoints. The results showed significant effects of ZnO NP exposure on all reproductive traits if compared to the control (seawater without ZnO NPs). The mean number of nauplii per brood was significantly reduced already (p<0.05) at 0.10 mg/L and even fecundity (as mean total number of nauplii per female) was significantly reduced at all ZnO NPs concentrations. A reduced number of broods per female were recorded at all nZnO concentrations (0.05-0.1-0.15-0.2-0.25 mg/L), compared to control (6.7±0.2), with the lowest value (2.8±0.3) at the highest concentration (ANOVA, p<0.05). This study evidenced the toxicity of ZnO NPs and the capacity to inhibit the reproductive activity of the marine copepod T. fulvus. These results highlight the intrinsic risk in the use and disposal of manufactured nanomaterials, as well as the importance of the research on the NP toxicity to enhance risk management. Given the lack of reliable information on ecological hazards and consequences of ZnO NPs, and particularly on its chronic toxicity to marine species, a better and relevant understanding of the effects represents a priority.

Seed development in Ricinus communis cv. Hale (castor bean). II. Accumulation of phytic acid in the developing endosperm and embryo in relation to the deposition of lipid, protein, and phosphorus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Greenwood ◽  
D. J. Gifford ◽  
J. D. Bewley
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Total Pool ◽  
First Time

The accumulation of phytic acid in the developing endosperm and embryo of the castor bean seed (Ricinus communis L. cv. Hale) has been followed in relation to the deposition of the major lipid and protein reserves. In the endosperm, there is a considerable degree of synchronization in the synthesis and deposition of these reserves, although phytic acid accumulation lags behind that of total protein and lipid. The pattern of reserve deposition within the embryo is documented for the first time. Lipid accumulation commences later than in the endosperm, and the major deposition of phytic acid is also later; protein deposition continues longer in the embryo than in the endosperm. Changes in various phosphorus-containing fractions were followed in both the embryo and endosperm during development, viz total, acid-soluble, inorganic, and lipid phosphorus. While sugar and nucleoside phosphates, and then nucleic acid and protein phosphorus, are predominant in the total phosphorus pool earlier in endosperm development, later there is a large increase in the total pool size, which is attributable particularly to phytic acid formation. This component accounts for over 90% of the total phosphorus content of the mature dry endosperm. A similar pattern of events occurs in the developing embryo.

scholarly journals Chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles: effects on survival and reproductive traits of the marine copepod Tigriopus fulvus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Parlapiano ◽  
Francesca Biandolino ◽  
Valentino Russo ◽  
Loredana Manfra ◽  
Alice Rotini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

The use of biological models has been recognized as very important in nanoecotoxicology for the understanding of Nanoparticle (NP) ecotoxicological effects. This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the chronic toxicity of Zinc Oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) on survival and reproductive traits of the marine copepod Tigriopus fulvus. Moults number, sex ratio, developmental time of nauplius and copepodid, fecundity and hatching time were assessed as sublethal endpoints. The results showed significant effects of ZnO NP exposure on all reproductive traits if compared to the control (seawater without ZnO NPs). The mean number of nauplii per brood was significantly reduced already (p<0.05) at 0.10 mg/L and even fecundity (as mean total number of nauplii per female) was significantly reduced at all ZnO NPs concentrations. A reduced number of broods per female were recorded at all nZnO concentrations (0.05-0.1-0.15-0.2-0.25 mg/L), compared to control (6.7±0.2), with the lowest value (2.8±0.3) at the highest concentration (ANOVA, p<0.05). This study evidenced the toxicity of ZnO NPs and the capacity to inhibit the reproductive activity of the marine copepod T. fulvus. These results highlight the intrinsic risk in the use and disposal of manufactured nanomaterials, as well as the importance of the research on the NP toxicity to enhance risk management. Given the lack of reliable information on ecological hazards and consequences of ZnO NPs, and particularly on its chronic toxicity to marine species, a better and relevant understanding of the effects represents a priority.

scholarly journals Post-Exposure Anti-Ricin Treatment Protects Swine against Lethal Systemic and Pulmonary Exposures

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Reut Falach ◽  
Anita Sapoznikov ◽  
Yentl Evgy ◽  
Moshe Aftalion ◽  
Arik Makovitzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ricin A

Ricin, a plant-derived toxin originating from the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor bean plant), is one of the most lethal toxins known. To date, there is no approved post-exposure therapy for ricin exposures. This work demonstrates for the first time the therapeutic efficacy of equine-derived anti-ricin F(ab’)2 antibodies against lethal pulmonary and systemic ricin exposures in swine. While administration of the antitoxin at 18 h post-exposure protected more than 80% of both intratracheally and intramuscularly ricin-intoxicated swine, treatment at 24 h post-exposure protected 58% of the intramuscular-exposed swine, as opposed to 26% of the intratracheally exposed animals. Quantitation of the anti-ricin neutralizing units in the anti-toxin preparations confirmed that the disparate protection conferred to swine subjected to the two routes of exposure stems from variance between the two models. Furthermore, dose response experiments showed that approximately 3 times lesser amounts of antibody are needed for high-level protection of the intramuscularly compared to the intratracheally intoxicated swine. This study, which demonstrates the high-level post-exposure efficacy of anti-ricin antitoxin at clinically relevant time-points in a large animal model, can serve as the basis for the formulation of post-exposure countermeasures against ricin poisoning in humans.

Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽  
J. S. Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

Electron spectroscopic imaging and diffraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
M. Rühle ◽  
J. Mayer ◽  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
J. Bihr ◽  
W. Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Filter ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Fritz Haber ◽  
Koehler Illumination ◽  
First Time

A new Zeiss TEM with an imaging Omega filter is a fully digitized, side-entry, 120 kV TEM/STEM instrument for materials science. The machine possesses an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter (see Fig. 1) placed between the third and fourth projector lens. Lanio designed the filter and a prototype was built at the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin, Germany. The imaging magnetic filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient area detection. The energy dispersion at the exit slit (Fig. 1) results in ∼ 1.5 μm/eV which allows imaging with energy windows of ≤ 10 eV. The smallest probe size of the microscope is 1.6 nm and the Koehler illumination system is used for the first time in a TEM. Serial recording of EELS spectra with a resolution < 1 eV is possible. The digital control allows X,Y,Z coordinates and tilt settings to be stored and later recalled.

A Novel TEM Technique for Characterizing As-Grown CVD Diamond Films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 956-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
R.E. Clausing ◽  
L. Heatherly ◽  
L.L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually involve tedious specimen preparation. This process has been avoided with a technique that is described in this paper. For the first time, thick as-grown diamond films have been examined directly in a conventional TEM without thinning. With this technique, the important microstructures near the growth surface have been characterized. An as-grown diamond film was fractured on a plane containing the growth direction. It took about 5 min to prepare a sample. For TEM examination, the film was tilted about 30-45° (see Fig. 1). Microstructures of the diamond grains on the top edge of the growth face can be characterized directly by transmitted electron bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) images and diffraction patterns.

A microscopic marker experiment study on high temperature oxidation of Ni-Al alloy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
Shou-kong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
First Time

Transmission and analytical electron microscopic studies of scale microstructures and microscopic marker experiments have been carried out in order to determine the transport mechanism in the oxidation of Ni-Al alloy. According to the classical theory, the oxidation of nickel takes place by transport of Ni cations across the scale forming new oxide at the scale/gas interface. Any markers deposited on the Ni surface are expected to remain at the scale/metal interface after oxidation. This investigation using TEM transverse section techniques and deposited microscopic markers shows a different result,which indicates that a considerable amount of oxygen was transported inward. This is the first time that such fine-scale markers have been coupled with high resolution characterization instruments such as TEM/STEM to provide detailed information about evolution of oxide scale microstructure.

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