Immune response of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris, Eisenia andrei and Aporrectodea tuberculata) following in situ soil exposure to atmospheric deposition from a cement factory

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Massicotte ◽  
Pierre Yves Robidoux ◽  
Sébastien Sauvé ◽  
Denis Flipo ◽  
Michel Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Aporrectodea Tuberculata ◽  
Soil Exposure

scholarly journals Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, Eisenia andrei

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2363
Author(s):  
Kornélia Bodó ◽  
Zoltán Kellermayer ◽  
Zoltán László ◽  
Ákos Boros ◽  
Bohdana Kokhanyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Blastema Formation ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Renewal Period

Regeneration of body parts and their interaction with the immune response is a poorly understood aspect of earthworm biology. Consequently, we aimed to study the mechanisms of innate immunity during regeneration in Eisenia andrei earthworms. In the course of anterior and posterior regeneration, we documented the kinetical aspects of segment restoration by histochemistry. Cell proliferation peaked at two weeks and remitted by four weeks in regenerating earthworms. Apoptotic cells were present throughout the cell renewal period. Distinct immune cell (e.g., coelomocyte) subsets were accumulated in the newly-formed blastema in the close proximity of the apoptotic area. Regenerating earthworms have decreased pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (e.g., TLR, except for scavenger receptor) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (e.g., lysenin) mRNA patterns compared to intact earthworms. In contrast, at the protein level, mirroring regulation of lysenins became evident. Experimental coelomocyte depletion caused significantly impaired cell divisions and blastema formation during anterior and posterior regeneration. These obtained novel data allow us to gain insight into the intricate interactions of regeneration and invertebrate innate immunity.

scholarly journals Arginase Activity in Eisenia andrei Coelomocytes: Function in the Earthworm Innate Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3687
Author(s):  
Joanna Homa ◽  
Alina Klosowska ◽  
Magdalena Chadzinska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Heavy Metals Ions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Important Marker

Arginase is the manganese metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. In vertebrates, arginase is involved in the immune response, tissue regeneration, and wound healing and is an important marker of alternative anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In invertebrates, data concerning the role of arginase in these processes are very limited. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the changes in arginase activity in the coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei. We studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), heavy metals ions (e.g., Mn2+), parasite infection, wound healing, and short-term fasting (5 days) on arginase activity. For the first time in earthworms, we described arginase activity in the coelomocytes and found that it can be up-regulated upon in vitro stimulation with LPS and H2O2 and in the presence of Mn2+ ions. Moreover, arginase activity was also up-regulated in animals in vivo infected with nematodes or experiencing segment amputation, but not in fasting earthworms. Furthermore, we confirmed that the activity of coelomocyte arginase can be suppressed by l-norvaline. Our studies strongly suggest that similarly to the vertebrates, also in the earthworms, coelomocyte arginase is an important element of the immune response and wound healing processes.

scholarly journals Cytokine expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with visceral leishmaniasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kleber Giovanni Luz ◽  
Felipe Francisco Tuon ◽  
Maria Irma Seixas Duarte ◽  
Guilherme Mariz Maia ◽  
Paulo Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Ifn Γ

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 13 patients with VL in comparison with nine controls. The immune response was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, for CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. Histological findings from the villi, crypts and inflammatory process were analyzed. RESULTS: All the cases of VL presented Leishmania antigens. No antigen was detected in the control group. The villus size was greater in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CD68 (macrophages) and CD4 levels were higher in the VL patients (p < 0.05). No differences in the expression of CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 or IL-4 were demonstrated. The number of cells expressing IFN-γ was lower in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of cytokines were found in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with VL. This pattern was not found in other organs affected by the disease. Immunotolerance of this tissue against Leishmania could explain these findings, as occurs with intestinal bacteria.

Resetting the tumor microenvironment to favor anti-tumor immunity after local ablation.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2561-2561
Author(s):  
Corrine A. Nief ◽  
Júlia Sroda Agudogo ◽  
Alana Gonzales ◽  
Rebecca A. Previs ◽  
Smita K Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Tumor Ablation ◽  
Local Ablation

2561 Background: Percutaneous tumor ablation is a non-surgical method of tumor destruction that leaves necrotic tumor debris in situ. Tumor associated antigens released after ablation have the potential to initiate a systemic anti-tumor immune response, however the hostile tumor microenvironment hinders antigen presentation and T cell activity. We hypothesized that resetting the tumor microenvironment with oral sodium bicarbonate to decrease tumor acidity and low-dose cyclophosphamide to deplete pro-tumor immune cells would improve the ability of ablation to initiate anti-tumor immunity. Methods: Tumor growth, overall survival, and metastatic burden was assessed in orthotopic tumor models of triple-negative breast cancer (67NR, 4T1, and E0771). Tumor ablation was performed on palpable tumors using percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) with 6% ethylcellulose to improve retention in the tumor. Surgical excision was used as a negative control to test the role of in situ tumor debris. Before ablation mice were placed on 200 mM of sodium bicarbonate (SB) in their drinking water and received a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CP). Mice surviving to 60 days after tumor implant without a primary tumor or signs of metastases were considered "cured" and re-challenged with 50e5 tumor cells in the contralateral mammary pad. T cell dependance was assessed with in vivo CD8 depletions. Results: The combination of PEI+SB+CP produced a potent anti-tumor response, curing a majority of mice (5/7 of E0771, 8/12 of 67NR, 7/12 of 4T1). No mice were cured using PEI alone, SB alone, CP alone, or any combination of two therapies (0/51 of E0771, 0/73 of 67NR, 0/75 of 4T1,). Re-challenge tumor growth was hindered in mice cured with PEI+SB+CP. Mice receiving PEI+SB+CP had significantly less metastases and lived longer than mice receiving surgical excision alone or surgical excision with SB+CP. Additionally the anti-metastatic response of PEI+SB+CP was undone when CD8+ T cells were depleted. Conclusions: Here the anti-tumor response of local ablation produced by PEI was enhanced by priming the tumor with low-dose CP and oral SB in metastatic breast cancer. These results suggest that tumor ablation with CP and SB can create a T cell dependent, personalized immune response to a tumor using only low-cost, easily accessible supplies, and the host’s own tumor.

In situ study of cellular immune response in human cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Panama

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Gonzalez ◽  
José Eduardo Calzada ◽  
Thaise Yumie Tomokane ◽  
Carmen Maria Sandoval Pacheco ◽  
Gabriela Venicia Araujo Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Immunological Basis of Genesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Unique Challenges and Potential Opportunities through Immunomodulation

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Jayant ◽  
Nagy Habib ◽  
Kai W. Huang ◽  
Mauro Podda ◽  
Jane Warwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
In Situ Vaccine

A majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in the setting of persistent chronic inflammation as immunological mechanisms have been shown to play a vital role in the initiation, growth and progression of tumours. The index review has been intended to highlight ongoing immunological changes in the hepatic parenchyma responsible for the genesis and progression of HCC. The in-situ vaccine effect of radiofrequency (RF) is through generation tumour-associated antigens (TAAs), following necrosis and apoptosis of tumour cells, which not only re-activates the antitumour immune response but can also act in synergism with checkpoint inhibitors to generate a superlative effect with intent to treat primary cancer and distant metastasis. An improved understanding of oncogenic responses of immune cells and their integration into signaling pathways of the tumour microenvironment will help in modulating the antitumour immune response. Finally, we analyzed contemporary literature and summarised the recent advances made in the field of targeted immunotherapy involving checkpoint inhibitors along with RF application with the intent to reinstate antitumour immunity and outline future directives in very early and early stages of HCC.

scholarly journals Intranasal Delivery of Immunotherapeutic Nanoformulations for Treatment of Glioma Through in situ Activation of Immune Response

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 1499-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peidi Yin ◽  
Huifeng Li ◽  
Chao Ke ◽  
Guangxu Cao ◽  
Xiaoqian Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
In Situ Activation

Xenogeneic and endogenous spermatogenesis following transplantation of rat germ cells into testes of immunocompetent mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Qu ◽  
Munekazu Naito ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hayato Terayama ◽  
Shuichi Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Recipient Mouse ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice ◽  
Rat Spermatogenesis ◽  
Privileged Site

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis, and are characterised by their ability to self-renew and to produce differentiated progeny that form spermatozoa. It has been demonstrated that rat spermatogenesis can occur in the seminiferous tubules of congenitally immunodeficient recipient mice after transplantation of rat SSCs. However, the testis is often viewed as an immune-privileged site in that autoimmunogenic antigens on germ cells do not normally elicit an immune response in situ. In the present study, we tried to transplant rat SSCs into immunocompetent mice after depletion of their own germ cells by means of busulfan. The results showed that some transplanted SSCs could undergo complete spermatogenesis in recipient mouse testes, the rat spermatozoa being detected in 7 of 28 recipient epididymides. A significant increase in mouse spermatozoa was also noted in all 28 epididymides of recipient mice regardless of whether rat spermatozoa were concurrently present or not. These results suggest that transplanted rat SSCs can be tolerated in the testes of immunocompetent mice and that the transplantation of rat SSCs stimulates endogenous spermatogenesis in the recipient mice.

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