scholarly journals Direct and accurate measurement of size dependent wetting behaviors for sessile water droplets

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimin Park ◽  
Hyung-Seop Han ◽  
Yu-Chan Kim ◽  
Jae-Pyeong Ahn ◽  
Myoung-Ryul Ok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The size-dependent wettability of sessile water droplets is an important matter in wetting science. Although extensive studies have explored this problem, it has been difficult to obtain empirical data for microscale sessile droplets at a wide range of diameters because of the flaws resulting from evaporation and insufficient imaging resolution. Herein, we present the size-dependent quantitative change of wettability by directly visualizing the three phase interfaces of droplets using a cryogenic-focused ion beam milling and SEM-imaging technique. With the fundamental understanding of the formation pathway, evaporation, freezing and contact angle hysteresis for sessile droplets, microdroplets with diameters spanning more than three orders of magnitude on various metal substrates were examined. Wetting nature can gradually change from hydrophobic at the hundreds-of-microns scale to super-hydrophobic at the sub-μm scale and a nonlinear relationship between the cosine of the contact angle and contact line curvature in microscale water droplets was demonstrated. We also showed that the wettability could be further tuned in a size-dependent manner by introducing regular heterogeneities to the substrate.

scholarly journals An Experiment-Based Profile Function for the Calculation of Damage Distribution in Bulk Silicon Induced by a Helium Focused Ion Beam Process

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianhuang Chen ◽  
Tianyang Shao ◽  
Yan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Beam Energy ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Single Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Nanostructure Fabrication ◽  
Profile Function ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Prediction Function ◽  
Wide Range

The helium focused ion beam (He-FIB) is widely used in the field of nanostructure fabrication due to its high resolution. Complicated forms of processing damage induced by He-FIB can be observed in substrates, and these damages have a severe impact on nanostructure processing. This study experimentally investigated the influence of the beam energy and ion dose of He-FIB on processing damage. Based on the experimental results, a prediction function for the amorphous damage profile of the single-crystalline silicon substrate caused by incident He-FIB was proposed, and a method for calculating the amorphous damage profile by inputting ion dose and beam energy was established. Based on one set of the amorphous damage profiles, the function coefficients were determined using a genetic algorithm. Experiments on single-crystalline silicon scanned by He-FIB under different process parameters were carried out to validate the model. The proposed experiment-based model can accurately predict the amorphous damage profile induced by He-FIB under a wide range of different ion doses and beam energies.

Assessment of Deformation using the Focused Ion Beam Technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
M.G. Burke ◽  
P.T. Duda ◽  
G. Botton ◽  
M. W. Phaneuf
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Alloy 600 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Beam Technique ◽  
Significant Attention

Focused Ion Beam (FIB) micromachining techniques have gained significant attention over the past few years as a promising method for the preparation of a variety of metallic and nonmetallic materials for subsequent characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The advantage of the FIB in terms of site specificity and speed for the preparation of uniform electron transparent sections has opened a wide range of potential applications in materials characterization. The ability to image the sample in the FIB can also provide important microstructural data for materials analysis. In this study, both conventionally electropolished and FIB-ed specimens were prepared in order to characterize the microstructure of a commercially-produced tube of Alloy 600 (approximately Ni-15 Cr-10 Fe- 0.05 C). The electropolished samples were prepared using a solution of 20% HClO4 - 80% CH3OH at ∼-40°C. The FIB sections were obtained from a cross-section of the tube that had been mechanically thinned to ∼100 μm. The section was thinned in a Micrion 2500 FIB system with a Ga ion beam at 50 kV accelerating voltage.

scholarly journals Sample Preparation Methodologies for In Situ Liquid and Gaseous Cell Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy of Electropolished Specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1350-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li Zhong ◽  
Sibylle Schilling ◽  
Nestor J. Zaluzec ◽  
M. Grace Burke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Stainless Steel Sample ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn recent years, an increasing number of studies utilizing in situ liquid and/or gaseous cell scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) have been reported. Because of the difficulty in the preparation of suitable specimens, these environmental S/TEM studies have been generally limited to studies of nanoscale structured materials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, or sputtered thin films. In this paper, we present two methodologies which have been developed to facilitate the preparation of electron-transparent samples from conventional bulk metals and alloys for in situ liquid/gaseous cell S/TEM experiments. These methods take advantage of combining sequential electrochemical jet polishing followed by focused ion beam extraction techniques to create large electron-transparent areas for site-specific observation. As an example, we illustrate the application of this methodology for the preparation of in situ specimens from a cold-rolled Type 304 austenitic stainless steel sample, which was subsequently examined in both 1 atm of air as well as fully immersed in a H2O environment in the S/TEM followed by hyperspectral imaging. These preparation techniques can be successfully applied as a general procedure for a wide range of metals and alloys, and are suitable for a variety of in situ analytical S/TEM studies in both aqueous and gaseous environments.

scholarly journals Amphiphobic Nanostructured Coatings for Industrial Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Veronesi ◽  
Giulio Boveri ◽  
Mariarosa Raimondo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Hybrid Coatings ◽  
Wetting Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Liquid

The search for surfaces with non-wetting behavior towards water and low-surface tension liquids affects a wide range of industries. Surface wetting is regulated by morphological and chemical features interacting with liquid phases under different ambient conditions. Most of the approaches to the fabrication of liquid-repellent surfaces are inspired by living organisms and require the fabrication of hierarchically organized structures, coupled with low surface energy chemical composition. This paper deals with the design of amphiphobic metals (AM) and alloys by deposition of nano-oxides suspensions in alcoholic or aqueous media, coupled with perfluorinated compounds and optional infused lubricant liquids resulting in, respectively, solid–liquid–air and solid–liquid–liquid working interfaces. Nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid coatings with contact angles against water above 170°, contact angle with n-hexadecane (surface tension γ = 27 mN/m at 20 °C) in the 140–150° range and contact angle hysteresis lower than 5° have been produced. A full characterization of surface chemistry has been undertaken by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, while field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) observations allowed the estimation of coatings thicknesses (300–400 nm) and their morphological features. The durability of fabricated amphiphobic surfaces was also assessed with a wide range of tests that showed their remarkable resistance to chemically aggressive environments, mechanical stresses and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Moreover, this work analyzes the behavior of amphiphobic surfaces in terms of anti-soiling, snow-repellent and friction-reduction properties—all originated from their non-wetting behavior. The achieved results make AM materials viable solutions to be applied in different sectors answering several and pressing technical needs.

scholarly journals The Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures by Laser Machining

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Yang ◽  
Jiangtao Wei ◽  
Zhe Ma ◽  
Peishuai Song ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Laser Machining ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Surface Plasma Resonance ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Wide Range

Micro/nano structures have unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties. Studies on the preparation of micro/nano structures are of considerable research value and broad development prospects. Several micro/nano structure preparation techniques have already been developed, such as photolithography, electron beam lithography, focused ion beam techniques, nanoimprint techniques. However, the available geometries directly implemented by those means are limited to the 2D mode. Laser machining, a new technology for micro/nano structural preparation, has received great attention in recent years for its wide application to almost all types of materials through a scalable, one-step method, and its unique 3D processing capabilities, high manufacturing resolution and high designability. In addition, micro/nano structures prepared by laser machining have a wide range of applications in photonics, Surface plasma resonance, optoelectronics, biochemical sensing, micro/nanofluidics, photofluidics, biomedical, and associated fields. In this paper, updated achievements of laser-assisted fabrication of micro/nano structures are reviewed and summarized. It focuses on the researchers’ findings, and analyzes materials, morphology, possible applications and laser machining of micro/nano structures in detail. Seven kinds of materials are generalized, including metal, organics or polymers, semiconductors, glass, oxides, carbon materials, and piezoelectric materials. In the end, further prospects to the future of laser machining are proposed.

scholarly journals Applications of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) on Yeast Cell & SARS Virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
H. L. Hing ◽  
C. Burkhardt ◽  
P. Gnauck ◽  
S. Sally ◽  
H. Gelderbloms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Sciences

The focused ion beam (FIB) is a relatively novel technique to biomedical electron microscopy as it open up new means for the observations and examinations of a wide range of biomedical and biological materials. The focused ion beam, or FIB tool has been utilized mainly in the fields of material sciences and industry. The (FIB) uses high-energy gallium ions to precisely and accurately section or mill samples. Lately FIB method have been used to prepare biological samples such as yeast cells and virus particles. Yeast cells Schwanniomyces occidentalis S. occidentalis were prepared by vacuum sucking them into cellulose tubing, plunge freezing them in liquid nitrogen, followed by chemical fixation in glutaraldehye and postfixed with osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in a series of ascending alcohol concentration up to absolute alcohol, then freeze dried overnight. In the case of SARS virus, the tissue culture containing virus particles was chemically fixed with glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in ascending order of alcohol concentrations and then freeze dried.

scholarly journals The wetting properties of frosted glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 130006
Author(s):  
Stéphane Dorbolo
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Capillary Length ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Travel Distances ◽  
Frosted Glass

Frosted glass is a common, low cost material. Its roughness can be used to control how it is wet by water. In this paper, the wetting properties of silicone oil and water are investigated. For the oil, wetting is total since the oleophilic character of the glass is enhanced by its roughness. Due to the remarkable optical properties of frosted glass, the spreading of oil droplets on its surface was recorded over three months. Frosted glass is a parahydrophilic surface because of its large contact angle hysteresis (up to 80° ). The behaviour of oil and water droplets was compared on a long piece of inclined frosted glass. The trajectories (and the spreading) of the droplets were studied and phenomenological laws were deduced to describe the dependence of the droplet speed on the initial volume of the droplet and the angle of inclination. Such dependences of speed at long travel distances (100 times the capillary length) were deduced and rationalised with a simple model that takes into account the thickness of the wake. Moreover, we analysed the flow inside the wake of water droplets sliding on inclined frosted glass. Suggestions are given on how to exploit drainage of the water droplet wake and the high hysteresis of water within the framework of open microfluidics.

scholarly journals Vibration-Enhanced Droplet Motion Modes: Simulations of Rocking, Ratcheting, Ratcheting With Breakup, and Ejection

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Huber ◽  
Matthew Campbell ◽  
Nicole Doughramaji ◽  
Melanie M. Derby
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Vertical Surface ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Droplet Motion ◽  
Droplet Ejection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diameter Droplet ◽  
Boltzmann Method

Power plant water usage is a coupling of the energy–water nexus; this research investigates water droplet motion, with implications for water recovery in cooling towers. Simulations of a 2.6 mm-diameter droplet motion on a hydrophobic, vertical surface were conducted in xflow using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Results were compared to two experimental cases; in the first case, experimental and simulated droplets experienced 30 Hz vibrations (i.e., ±0.1 mm x-direction amplitude, ±0.2 mm y-direction amplitude) and the droplet ratcheted down the surface. In the second case, 100 Hz vibrations (i.e., ±0.8 mm x-direction amplitude, ±0.2 mm y-direction amplitude) caused droplet ejection. Simulations were then conducted for a wide range of frequencies (i.e., 10–100 Hz) and amplitudes (i.e., ±0.018–50 mm), resulting in maximum accelerations of 0.197–1970 m/s2. Under low maximum accelerations (e.g., <7 m/s2), droplets rocked upward and downward in rocking mode, but did not overcome the contact angle hysteresis and, therefore, did not move. As acceleration increased, droplets overcame the contact angle hysteresis and entered ratcheting mode. For vibrations that prompted droplet motion, droplet velocities varied between 10–1000 mm/s. At capillary numbers above approximately 0.0044 and Weber numbers above 3.6, liquid breakup was observed in ratcheting droplets (e.g., the formation of smaller child droplets from the parent droplet). It was noted that both x- and y-direction vibrations were required for droplet ejection.

Fabrication of FIB-CVD Nanotemperature Sensor Probe for Local Temperature Sensing in Water Environments

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham ElShimy ◽  
◽  
Masahiro Nakajima ◽  
Yoshiaki Imaizumi ◽  
Fumihito Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensor Probe

We fabricated a nanotemperature sensor probe using focused ion beam chemical vapor deposition (FIB-CVD) of tungsten over atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers, to be used in local sensing temperature distribution in local area. We present the fabrication approach & modifications for making this sensor probe capable of sensing temperature distributions not only in air but in water environment as well. The sensor probe was calibrated in water using the hot stage of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Experimental results demonstrated positive characteristics of the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR). We also illustrate the response of the sensor to sudden changes in surrounding media. The characteristics of this sensor probe were compared to previously reported temperature sensing devices. The comparison verifies that our sensor is relatively uncomplicated and reliable in fabrication. The capability of sensing temperature in water enables our sensor to be used in a wide range of bio-applications, especially in studying single-cell thermogenesis.

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