scholarly journals The Impact of Exposure Misclassification on Associations Between Prepregnancy BMI and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2184-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Bodnar ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽  
Hyagriv N. Simhan ◽  
Jill C. Diesel ◽  
Barbara Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Exposure Misclassification ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Colorado, 2007–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Abdo ◽  
Isabella Ward ◽  
Katelyn O’Dell ◽  
Bonne Ford ◽  
Jeffrey Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zip Code

Colorado is regularly impacted by long-range transport of wildfire smoke from upwind regions. This smoke is a major source of ambient PM2.5. Maternal exposure to total PM2.5 during pregnancy has been linked to decreased birth weight and other adverse outcomes, although the impact of wildfire smoke contribution has only recently been investigated. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and ambient wildfire smoke PM2.5. Wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposures were estimated using a previously published method incorporating ground-based monitors and remote sensing data. Logistic regression models stratified by ZIP code and mixed models with random intercept by ZIP code were used to test for associations. The primary outcomes of interest were preterm birth and birth weight. Secondary outcomes included gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, neonatal intensive care unit admission, assisted ventilation, small for gestational age, and low birth weight. Exposure to wildfire smoke PM2.5 over the full gestation and during the second trimester were positively associated with pre-term birth (OR = 1.076 (μg/m3)−1 [95% CI = 1.016, 1.139; p = 0.013] and 1.132 (μg/m3)−1 [95% CI = 1.088, 1.178]; p < 0.0001, respectively), while exposure during the first trimester was associated with decreased birth weight (−5.7 g/(μg/m3) [95% CI: −11.1, −0.4; p = 0.036]). Secondary outcomes were mixed.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of pregnant women: prevalence and associated pregnancy outcomes

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Bertoldi Nucci ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Bruce Bartholow Duncan ◽  
Sandra Costa Fuchs ◽  
Eni Teresinha Fleck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: Although obesity is well recognized as a current public health problem, its prevalence and impact among pregnant women have been less investigated in Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pre-obesity and obesity among pregnant women, describing its prevalence and risk factors, and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A cohort of 5,564 pregnant women, aged 20 years or more, enrolled at aproximately 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, seen in prenatal public clinics of six state capitals in Brazil were followed up, between 1991 and 1995. Prepregnancy weight, age, educational level and parity were obtained from a standard questionnaire. Height was measured in duplicate and the interviewer assigned the skin color. Nutritional status was defined using body mass index (BMI), according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Age-adjusted prevalences (and 95% CI) based on prepregnancy weight were: underweight 5.7% (5.1%-6.3%), overweight 19.2% (18.1%-20.3%), and obesity 5.5% (4.9%-6.2%). Obesity was more frequently observed in older black women, with a lower educational level and multiparous. Obese women had higher frequencies of gestational diabetes, macrosomia, hypertensive disorders, and lower risk of microsomia. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight nutritional status (obesity and pre-obesity) was seen in 25% of adult pregnant women and it was associated with increased risk for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gestational Weight Gain on the Risks of Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes among Normal BMI Women with High Triglyceride Levels during Early Pregnancy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3454
Author(s):  
Xia-Fei Jiang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Dan-Dan Wu ◽  
Jian-Lin Zhang ◽  
Ling Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

A high maternal triglyceride (mTG) level during early pregnancy is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the use of specific interventions has been met with limited success. A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on the relationship between high levels of mTG and adverse pregnancy outcomes in normal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) women. The patients included 39,665 women with normal BMI who had a singleton pregnancy and underwent serum lipids screening during early pregnancy. The main outcomes were adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and large or small size for gestational age (LGA or SGA) at birth. As a result, the high mTG (≥2.05mM) group had increased risks for gestational hypertension ((Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.80; 95% CI, 1.46 to 2.24)), preeclampsia (1.70; 1.38 to 2.11), gestational diabetes (2.50; 2.26 to 2.76), cesarean delivery (1.22; 1.13 to 1.32), preterm birth (1.42, 1.21 to 1.66), and LGA (1.49, 1.33 to 1.68) compared to the low mTG group, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Additionally, the risks of any adverse outcome were higher in each GWG subgroup among women with high mTG than those in the low mTG group. High mTG augmented risks of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and LGA among women with 50th or greater percentile of GWG. Interestingly, among women who gained less than the 50th percentile of GWG subgroups, there was no relationship between high mTG level and risks for those pregnancy outcomes when compared to low mTG women. Therefore, weight control and staying below 50th centile of the suggested GWG according to gestational age can diminish the increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by high mTG during early pregnancy.

scholarly journals The impact of antenatal syphilis point of care testing on pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247649
Author(s):  
Dana Brandenburger ◽  
Elena Ambrosino
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Laboratory Screening ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Background Mother-to-child transmission of syphilis remains a leading cause of neonatal death and stillbirth, disproportionally affecting women in low-resource settings where syphilis prevalence rates are high and testing rates low. Recently developed syphilis point-of-care tests (POCTs) are promising alternatives to conventional laboratory screening in low-resource settings as they do not require a laboratory setting, intensive technical training and yield results in 10–15 minutes thereby enabling both diagnosis and treatment in a single visit. Aim of this review was to provide clarity on the benefits of different POCTs and assess whether the implementation of syphilis POCTs is associated with decreased numbers of syphilis-related adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases (PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane) were systematically searched for intervention studies and cost-effectiveness analyses investigating the association between antenatal syphilis POCT and pregnancy outcomes such as congenital syphilis, low birth weight, prematurity, miscarriage, stillbirth as well as perinatal, fetal or infant death. Results Nine out of 278 initially identified articles were included, consisting of two clinical studies and seven modelling studies. Studies compared the effect on pregnancy outcomes of treponemal POCT, non-treponemal POCT and dual POCT to laboratory screening and no screening program. Based on the clinical studies, significantly higher testing and treatment rates, as well as a significant reduction (93%) in adverse pregnancy outcomes was reported for treponemal POCT compared to laboratory screening. Compared to no screening and laboratory screening, modelling studies assumed higher treatment rates for POCT and predicted the most prevented adverse pregnancy outcomes for treponemal POCT, followed by a dual treponemal and non-treponemal POCT strategy. Conclusion Implementation of treponemal POCT in low-resource settings increases syphilis testing and treatment rates and prevents the most syphilis-related adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to no screening, laboratory screening, non-treponemal POCT and dual POCT. Regarding the benefits of dual POCT, more research is needed. Overall, this review provides evidence on the contribution of treponemal POCT to healthier pregnancies and contributes greater clarity on the impact of diverse diagnostic methods available for the detection of syphilis.

scholarly journals Praegnatio Perturbatio – Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasantha Padmanabhan ◽  
Wenhui Song ◽  
Muraly Puttabyatappa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Abstract The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight is considerable across the world. Several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes have been identified. One risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes that is receiving considerable attention in recent years is gestational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are exposed to multitude of environmental chemicals with known endocrine disrupting properties and evidence suggest that exposure to these EDCs have the potential to disrupt maternal-fetal environment culminating in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. This review addresses the impact of maternal and fetal exposure to environmental EDCs of natural and man-made chemicals in disrupting the maternal-fetal milieu in human leading to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes - a risk factor for adult onset non-communicable diseases, the role lifestyle and environmental factors play in mitigating or amplifying the effects of EDCs, the underlying mechanisms and mediaries involved, and the research directions to focus future investigations on to help alleviate the adverse effects from EDC exposures.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes and diet during pregnancy; balancing nutrient intake adequacy v. adverse pregnancy outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2202-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine B Pezdirc ◽  
Alexis J Hure ◽  
Michelle L Blumfield ◽  
Clare E Collins
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Reference Values ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of adherence to public health recommendations on Listeria monocytogenes food safety to limit exposure to potential food sources on micronutrient intakes of pregnant women and whether more frequent consumption of ‘high-risk’ foods increases risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.DesignA cohort study in women assessing Listeria exposure from an FFQ based on consumption of potential Listeria-containing food sources, the Listeria Food Exposure Score (LFES). Pregnancy status was defined as pregnant, trying to conceive, had a baby within the previous 12 months, or other. Nutrient intakes were compared with Nutrient Reference Values and self-reported pregnancy outcome history three years later.SettingAustralia.SubjectsWomen aged 25–30 years (n 7486) participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.ResultsThere were weak positive correlations (r = 0·13–0·37, P < 0·001) between LFES and all nutrients, with fibre, folate, Fe and vitamin E intakes consistently below the Nutrient Reference Values in every quintile of LFES. Women in the highest quintile of LFES reported 19 % more miscarriages (rate ratio = 1·19; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·38) than those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for important confounding factors.ConclusionsMore frequent consumption of foods potentially containing L. monocytogenes is associated with higher nutrient intakes, but an increased risk of miscarriage. L. monocytogenes pregnancy recommendations require review and should include the list of ‘risky’ food items in addition to low-risk alternatives that would adequately replace nutrient intakes which may be reduced through avoidance strategies.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Racial Disparities in Pregnancy Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure Suiru Dzekem ◽  
Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy ◽  
Christopher O. Olopade
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Exposure to air pollutants and other environmental factors increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence that adverse outcomes related to air pollution disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities. This paper explores the importance of race as a risk factor for air pollution-related poor pregnancy outcomes. Methods We systematically reviewed epidemiologic studies investigating the effects of exposure to air pollution on pregnancy outcomes in the United States. Results Findings across all reviewed studies show more adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight and stillbirths) due to air pollution among Blacks and Hispanics than among non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusion This paper enhances our general understanding of the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes and, specifically, of disparities in birth outcomes for infants born to Black and Hispanic mothers.

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