scholarly journals The Longitudinal Relationship Between Body Composition and Patella Cartilage in Healthy Adults

Obesity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Teichtahl ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Anita E. Wluka ◽  
Maxine Szramka ◽  
Dallas R. English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Healthy Adults

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
Kumpei Tanisawa ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Tomoko Ito ◽  
Satomi Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Introduction: This study aimed to clarify whether 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation has a direct effect on body composition and physical fitness in healthy adults. Methods: Ninety-five participants randomly received either 420 IU vitamin D3 per day (n = 48) or placebo (n = 47) in a double-blind manner for 1 year. Lean body mass and percentage body fat were determined. Physical fitness including hand grip strength, leg extension power and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations were assessed using ELISA kits. Results: Serum 25(OH)D and (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations significantly increased by approximately 11.2 ± 9.2 ng/mL (pinteraction <0.001)and 7.0 ± 7.8 pg/mL (pinteraction <0.001) after 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation respectively. Lean body mass significantly increased from 43.8 ± 9.6 to 44.3 ± 9.8 kg in vitamin D group, while no change was observed in placebo group (from 42.6 ± 8.9 to 42.4± 8.9 kg) after 1 year intervention. Furthermore, no treatment effects on other indicators of body composition and physical fitness were observed. Conclusions:One year of vitamin D supplementation effectively improves lean body mass, but not muscle strength and CRF in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Upcycling Brewers’ Spent Grain: The Development of Muffins and Biomarker Response After Consuming Muffins for 8-Weeks in Healthy Adults From Randomized-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 745-745
Author(s):  
Shannon Combest ◽  
Cynthia Warren ◽  
Mindy Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Spent Grain

Abstract Objectives Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the most abundant by-product of the brewing industry, consist of malted barley residue leftover from beer production and are rich in fiber and protein. This study examined whether regular consumption of upcycled BSG flour can modulate blood biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD), glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and body composition in healthy adults. Methods Muffins containing 7.5 g BSG (20% wt: wt flour), 11.2 g BSG (30% wt: wt flour), and 0 g BSG (control) were developed and tested for consumer acceptability on overall liking, appearance, texture, moistness, sponginess, and taste. BSG muffins that maintained mean ratings of 5 or higher on a 9-point hedonic scale were considered acceptable and included in a feeding trial. A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled human feeding trial compared consumption of muffins with 12 g BSG (30%) or 0 g BSG daily for 8 weeks. BSG and control muffins were similar in total calories (BSG: 306 kcal, control: 307 kcal) and available carbohydrates (BSG: 51.2 g, control: 52.0 g). Fasting blood was collected for glucose, insulin, and lipid measurements and body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography at baseline and 8-weeks. During the 8 weeks of intervention, participants recorded 3-day food logs, 2-day stool logs to monitor changes in bowel movements and symptoms, and daily muffin consumption. Results Consumer testing (n = 107) found significant differences among appearance (F = 7.728, P = .001) and taste (4.947, P = .008) ratings across all muffins. Control (6.74 ± 1.84) and 20% (6.64 ± 1.90) muffins received higher appearance ratings and higher taste ratings for 20% muffins (7.15 ± 1.72). Additionally, 30% muffins had acceptability. In the feeding trial, 18 participants (26.8 ± 4.0 y) with a BMI of 23.4 ± 3.2 kg/m2completed the study. Systolic blood pressure (BP) (P = .044) and insulin (P = .011) were lower in the BSG group than the control group after consuming study muffins for 8-weeks. There were no significant treatment effects for glucose concentrations or body composition outcomes between test groups or over time. Conclusions Consuming BSG reduces systolic BP and insulin in healthy adults compared to control muffins. A higher BSG dosage or consuming BSG for a longer duration may be necessary to observe additional clinical endpoints. Funding Sources Moore-Khourie Fund.

scholarly journals Basal energy expenditure in southern Chinese healthy adults: measurement and development of a new equation

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1817-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiao Yang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Deqian Mao ◽  
Guo Zeng ◽  
Qin Zhuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure

The objective of the present study is to measure basal energy expenditure (BEE) using the Cosmed K4b2portable metabolic system (Rome, Italy) and to develop a new predictive equation for BEE in southern Chinese adults. A total of 165 healthy Chinese adults aged 18–45 years with normal body weight were involved in the present study. BEE was measured by Cosmed K4b2. Body composition was determined by body composition analysers (ImpediMed DF50, QLD, Australia). Multiple linear regression analysis and correlation analysis were applied to develop a new optimal equation for predicting BEE of southern healthy Chinese adults. Measured BEE (mBEE) of southern Chinese healthy adults was 5513 (sem96) kJ/d, which was similar to the results predicted by the equation developed by of Liu 5579 (sem57) kJ/d (P = 0·37) and significantly lower than those from equations developed by Henry (5763 (sem54) kJ/d), Schofield (5898 (sem58) kJ/d) and Harris–Benedict (HB; 5863 (sem51) kJ/d) (allP = 0·001). The optimal equation developed by our data was BEE (kJ/d) = 277+89 weight (kg)+600 sex (male = 1 and female = 0) (r2 = 0·48,n165). For males, BEE (kJ/d) = 105 weight (kg) − 58 (r2 = 0·27,n79); for females, BEE (kJ/d) = 69 weight (kg)+1335 (r2 = 0·24,n86). In conclusion, the mBEE of southern Chinese healthy adults was 5513 (sem96) kJ/d. The BMR of Chinese adults of normal weight is overestimated by widely used prediction equations developed by Henry, Schofield and HB. The equation developed in the present study (equation 7) can be used in predicting BEE for Chinese adults aged 18–45 years with normal body weight.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Plasma Linoleic Acid and Oleic Acid Levels with Markers of Inflammation and Glycemia in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 618-618
Author(s):  
Rachel Cole ◽  
Austin Angelotti ◽  
Martha Belury
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Hmw Adiponectin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Higher blood levels of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), are associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes.  However, many dietary oils once high in LA are now low in LA and high in oleic acid (OA).  We have previously shown in healthy adults that supplementation with a high LA oil can increase plasma LA levels and decrease plasma OA levels.  The current study examines the relationship of habitual levels of plasma LA and OA with markers of body composition, inflammation and glycemia in healthy adults. Methods Data from baseline visit were analyzed from 127 health adults participating in a 2-week study of the effect of dietary oils on blood fatty acid profiles.  Plasma fatty acid composition was measured by gas chromatography. Insulin, glucose, total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-r2) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were measured in fasting plasma samples.  Body mass index (BMI) and sagittal diameter (SAD) were measured as markers of body composition.  Grip strength was measured as a marker of muscle strength and gait speed was measured as a marker of muscle function.  Linear regression was used to assess the association of study measurements to plasma LA or OA.  Results were adjusted for sex, age, physical activity and BMI. Results Plasma LA was negatively associated with both BMI and SAD while plasma OA was positively associated with both insulin and grip strength.  In males, but not females, higher plasma LA was associated with higher HMW adiponectin while higher plasma OA was positively associated with fasting glucose.  Neither plasma LA or OA were associated with total adiponectin, TNF-r2, LBP or gait speed. Conclusions Higher levels of plasma LA predicted for lower measures of adiposity in both males and females and higher HMW adiponectin levels in males. Higher levels of plasm OA predicted for increased grip strength and higher glycemia, particularly in men.  To our knowledge no randomized controlled trial has compared LA or OA supplementation on body composition, glycemia, and adiponectin in healthy men and women. Funding Sources Funding was provided by the Carol S. Kennedy Professorship and the Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center.

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