Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
Kumpei Tanisawa ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Tomoko Ito ◽  
Satomi Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Introduction: This study aimed to clarify whether 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation has a direct effect on body composition and physical fitness in healthy adults. Methods: Ninety-five participants randomly received either 420 IU vitamin D3 per day (n = 48) or placebo (n = 47) in a double-blind manner for 1 year. Lean body mass and percentage body fat were determined. Physical fitness including hand grip strength, leg extension power and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations were assessed using ELISA kits. Results: Serum 25(OH)D and (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations significantly increased by approximately 11.2 ± 9.2 ng/mL (pinteraction <0.001)and 7.0 ± 7.8 pg/mL (pinteraction <0.001) after 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation respectively. Lean body mass significantly increased from 43.8 ± 9.6 to 44.3 ± 9.8 kg in vitamin D group, while no change was observed in placebo group (from 42.6 ± 8.9 to 42.4± 8.9 kg) after 1 year intervention. Furthermore, no treatment effects on other indicators of body composition and physical fitness were observed. Conclusions:One year of vitamin D supplementation effectively improves lean body mass, but not muscle strength and CRF in healthy adults.

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Orthostatic Hypotension: Results from the STURDY Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P Juraschek ◽  
Edgar R Miller 3rd ◽  
Amal A Wanigatunga ◽  
Jennifer A Schrack ◽  
Erin D Michos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract Background Vitamin D3 supplementation is considered a potential intervention to prevent orthostatic hypotension (OH) based on observational evidence that vitamin D levels are inversely associated with OH. Objectives With data from The Study to Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You (STURDY), a double-blind, randomized, response-adaptive trial, we determined if higher doses of vitamin D3 reduced risk of OH. Methods STURDY tested the effects of higher (1,000+ IU/day, i.e., 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 IU/day combined) versus lower-dose vitamin D3 (200 IU/day, comparison) on fall risk in adults ages 70 years and older with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (10-29 ng/mL). OH was determined at baseline, 3, 12, and 24 months by taking the difference between seated and standing blood pressure (BP). OH was defined as a drop in systolic or diastolic BP of at least 20 or 10 mmHg after 1 minute of standing. Participants were also asked about OH symptoms during the assessment and the preceding month. Results Among 688 participants (mean age 77 [SD, 5] years; 44% women; 18% Black), the mean baseline systolic/diastolic BP was 130 (19)/67 (11) mmHg, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 22.1 (5.1) ng/mL, and 2.8% had OH. There were 2,136 OH assessments over the maximum 2-year follow-up period. Compared to 200 IU/day, 1,000+ IU/day was not associated with seated, standing, or orthostatic BP, and it did not lower risk of OH or orthostatic symptoms. Conclusions These findings do not support use of higher doses of vitamin D3 supplementation as an intervention to prevent OH.

scholarly journals Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D3 Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Hermann Brenner ◽  
Sabine Kuznia ◽  
Clarissa Laetsch ◽  
Tobias Niedermaier ◽  
Ben Schöttker
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a protective effect of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation against cancer mortality. In the VITAL study, a RCT including 25,871 men ≥ 50 years and women ≥ 55 years, protective effects of vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/day over a median of 5.3 years) with respect to incidence of any cancer and of advanced cancer (metastatic cancer or cancer death) were seen for normal-weight participants but not for overweight or obese participants. We aimed to explore potential reasons for this apparent variation of vitamin D effects by body mass index. We conducted complementary analyses of published data from the VITAL study on the association of body weight with cancer outcomes, stratified by vitamin D3 supplementation. Significantly increased risks of any cancer and of advanced cancer were seen among normal-weight participants compared to obese participants in the control group (relative risk (RR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.52, and RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04–1.97, respectively). No such patterns were seen in the intervention group. Among those with incident cancer, vitamin D3 supplementation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of advanced cancer (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99). The observed patterns point to pre-diagnostic weight loss of cancer patients and preventive effects of vitamin D3 supplementation from cancer progression as plausible explanations for the body mass index (BMI)—intervention interactions. Further research, including RCTs more comprehensively exploring the potential of adjuvant vitamin D therapy for cancer patients, should be pursued with priority.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Epigenetic Aging in Overweight and Obese African Americans With Suboptimal Vitamin D Status: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Yanbin Dong ◽  
Jigar Bhagatwala ◽  
Anas Raed ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Epigenetic Aging ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Abstract Background We have previously shown that vitamin D supplementation increases telomerase activity, suggesting an anti-aging effect. In this study, we aim to test the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation would slow down epigenetic aging, a new marker of biological aging. Methods A randomized clinical trial was previously conducted among 70 overweight/obese African Americans with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 50 nmol/L, who were randomly assigned into four groups of 600 IU/d, 2,000 IU/d, 4,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 supplements or placebo followed by 16-week interventions. Whole genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was conducted in 51 participants. DNA methylation ages were calculated according to the Horvath and the Hannum methods. Methylation-based age acceleration index (∆Age) is defined as the difference between DNA methylation age and chronological age in years. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the treatment effects. Results Fifty-one participants (aged 26.1 ± 9.3 years, 16% are male) were included in the study. After the adjustment of multi-covariates, vitamin D3 supplementation of 4,000 IU/d was associated with 1.85 years decrease in Horvath epigenetic aging compared with placebo (p value = .046), and 2,000 IU/d was associated with 1.90 years decrease in Hannum epigenetic aging (p value = .044). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with decreased Horvath ∆Age only (p values = .002), regardless of treatments. Conclusions Our results suggest that vitamin D supplementation may slow down Horvath epigenetic aging. But the effect on Hannum epigenetic aging is not conclusive. Large-scale and longer duration clinical trials are needed to replicate the findings.

Serum Vitamin D: Correlates of Baseline Concentration and Response to Supplementation in VITAL-DKD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora M Best ◽  
Leila R Zelnick ◽  
Kenneth E Thummel ◽  
Simon Hsu ◽  
Christine Limonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Abstract Context The effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on the serum concentration of vitamin D (the parent compound) may offer insight into vitamin D disposition. Objective To assess the total serum vitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation and whether it varies according to participant characteristics. To compare results with corresponding results for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is used clinically and measured in supplementation trials. Design Exploratory study within a randomized trial. Intervention 2,000 International Units of vitamin D3 per day (or matching placebo). Setting Community-based. Participants 161 adults (mean ± SD age 70 ± 6 years; 66% males) with type 2 diabetes. Main Outcome Measures Changes in total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations from baseline to year 2. Results At baseline, there was a positive, nonlinear relation between total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Adjusted effects of supplementation were a 29.2 (95% CI: 24.3, 34.1) nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D and a 33.4 (95% CI: 27.7, 39.2) nmol/L increase in serum 25(OH)D. Among those with baseline 25(OH)D &lt; 50 compared with ≥ 50 nmol/L, the serum vitamin D response to supplementation was attenuated (15.7 vs 31.2 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.02), whereas the serum 25(OH)D response was augmented (47.9 vs 30.7 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.05). Conclusions Vitamin D3 supplementation increases total serum vitamin D and 25(OH)D concentrations with variation according to baseline 25(OH)D, which suggests that 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 is more efficient when serum 25(OH)D concentration is low.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness and the Relationships with Sporting Success in Young Sub-Elite Judo Athletes: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7169
Author(s):  
Olaf Prieske ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Martijn Gäbler ◽  
Michael Herz ◽  
Norman Helm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Judo Athletes

This exploratory study aimed to monitor long-term seasonal developments in measures of anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness in young judo athletes, and to compute associations between these measures and sporting success. Forty-four young judoka (20 females, 24 males) volunteered to participate. Tests for the assessment of anthropometry (e.g., body height/mass), body-composition (e.g., lean body mass), muscle strength (isometric handgrip strength), vertical jumping (e.g., countermovement-jump (CMJ) height), and dynamic balance (Y-balance test) were conducted at the beginning and end of a 10-month training season. Additionally, sporting success at the end of the season was recorded for each athlete. Analyses revealed significant time × sex interaction effects for lean-body-mass, isometric handgrip strength, and CMJ height (0.7 ≤ d ≤ 1.6). Post-hoc analyses showed larger gains for all measures in young males (1.9 ≤ d ≤6.0) compared with females (d = 2.4) across the season. Additionally, significant increases in body height and mass as well as Y-balance test scores were found from pre-to-post-test (1.2 ≤ d ≤4.3), irrespective of sex. Further, non-significant small-to-moderate-sized correlations were identified between changes in anthropometry/body composition/physical fitness and sporting success (p > 0.05; −0.34 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.32). Regression analysis confirmed that no model significantly predicted sporting success. Ten months of judo training and/or growth/maturation contributed to significant changes in anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness, particularly in young male judo athletes.

scholarly journals Testosterone replacement therapy of opioid-induced male hypogonadism improved body composition but not pain perception: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Henrik Bjarke Vaegter ◽  
Louise Lehmann Christensen ◽  
Emma Bendix ◽  
Thomas Graven-Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Double Blind

Background Hypogonadism is prevalent during opioid treatment, but the effect of testosterone replacement treatment (TRT) on body composition, pain perception, and adrenal function is unclear. Purpose To measure changes in body composition, pain perception, quality of life, and adrenal function after TRT or placebo in opioid-treated men with chronic non-malignant pain. Methods Double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 41 men (>18 years) with total testosterone <12 nmol/L were randomized to 24 weeks TRT (Testosterone undecanoate injection three times/6 months, n = 20) or placebo (placebo-injections, n = 21). Outcomes Body composition (lean body mass and fat mass assessed by DXA), clinical pain intensity (numerical rating scale), and experimental pain perception (quantitative sensory assessment), quality of life (SF36), and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test. Data were presented as median (quartiles). Mann–Whitney tests were performed on delta values (24–0 weeks) between TRT and placebo. Results The median age was 55 years (46; 59) and total testosterone before intervention was 6.8 (5.0; 9.3) nmol/L. TRT was associated with change of testosterone levels: 12.3 (7.0; 19.9) nmol/L (P < 0.001 vs placebo), increased lean body mass: 3.6 (2.3; 5.0) kg vs 0.1 kg (−2.1; 1.5) during TRT vs placebo and decreased total fat mass: −1.2 (−3.1; 0.7) kg vs 1.2 kg (−0.9; 2.5) kg, both P < 0.003. Changed pain perception, SF36, and ACTH-stimulated cortisol levels were non-significantly changed during TRT compared with placebo. Conclusions Six months of TRT improved body composition in men with opioid-induced hypogonadism without significant changes in outcomes of pain perception, quality of life, or adrenal function.

25-OHD response to vitamin D supplementation in children: effect of dose but not GC haplotype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Simpson ◽  
Jane H. Zhang ◽  
Dirk Vanderschueren ◽  
Lei Fu ◽  
Teresita C. Pennestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
To Receive

Objective: GC/DBP effects on response to vitamin D supplementation have not been well-studied. Thus we assessed free and total 25-OHD after vitamin D treatment across the 6 common GC haplotypes. Design: This double-blind, randomized study compared two vitamin D3 doses in healthy, urban-dwelling 6-month to 10-year-old children at-risk for vitamin D deficiency. Randomization was stratified by GC haplotype. Methods: Children were randomized to receive 2800 or 7000 International Units of vitamin D3 weekly. 25-OHD and 1,25(OH)2D were sampled at baseline and after 1 and 6 months of supplementation. Results and Conclusions: 192 of 225 enrolled subjects completed the study. After one month, total 25-OHD increased with both doses, and were higher with 7000 IU/week (85.5 ± 22.8 nmol/L) compared to 2800 IU/week (76.8 ± 18.0 nmol/L), despite equivalent baseline levels. No further significant increase occurred at 6 months (89.8 ± 35.5 and 74.3 ± 18.3 nmol/L, respectively). Free 25-OHD similarly changed. 25-OHD differed among GC groups at baseline. Although no significant effects of individual GC haplotypes on incremental changes were evident, a trend towards an effect of combined “at risk” GC alleles on response was evident (P=0.06). Total 1,25(OH)2D showed modest increases, moreso with the larger dose. In urban-dwelling children at-risk for vitamin D deficiency, one month of vitamin D3 2800 IU/week increased 25-OHD across all GC haplotype groups, and somewhat enhanced with 7000 IU/week with no further significant increases after 6 months of supplementation. Free 25-OHD measures offer no monitoring advantage over total 25-OHD.

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