scholarly journals Motor neurons control blood vessel patterning in the developing spinal cord

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Himmels ◽  
Isidora Paredes ◽  
Heike Adler ◽  
Andromachi Karakatsani ◽  
Robert Luck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

The control of rostrocaudal pattern in the developing spinal cord: specification of motor neuron subtype identity is initiated by signals from paraxial mesoderm

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ensini ◽  
T.N. Tsuchida ◽  
H.G. Belting ◽  
T.M. Jessell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

The generation of distinct classes of motor neurons is an early step in the control of vertebrate motor behavior. To study the interactions that control the generation of motor neuron subclasses in the developing avian spinal cord we performed in vivo grafting studies in which either the neural tube or flanking mesoderm were displaced between thoracic and brachial levels. The positional identity of neural tube cells and motor neuron subtype identity was assessed by Hox and LIM homeodomain protein expression. Our results show that the rostrocaudal identity of neural cells is plastic at the time of neural tube closure and is sensitive to positionally restricted signals from the paraxial mesoderm. Such paraxial mesodermal signals appear to control the rostrocaudal identity of neural tube cells and the columnar subtype identity of motor neurons. These results suggest that the generation of motor neuron subtypes in the developing spinal cord involves the integration of distinct rostrocaudal and dorsoventral patterning signals that derive, respectively, from paraxial and axial mesodermal cell groups.

scholarly journals HoxD transcription factors define monosynaptic sensory-motor specificity in the developing spinal cord

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiyasu Imai ◽  
Mike Adam ◽  
S. Steven Potter ◽  
Yutaka Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dendrite Morphology ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

The specificity of monosynaptic connections between proprioceptive sensory neurons and their recipient spinal motor neurons depends on multiple factors, including motor neuron positioning and dendrite morphology, axon projection patterns of proprioceptive sensory neurons in the spinal cord, and the ligand-receptor molecules involved in cell-to-cell recognition. However, with few exceptions, the transcription factors engaged in this process are poorly characterized. We show here, that members of the HoxD family of transcription factors play a critical role in the specificity of monosynaptic sensory-motor connections. Mice lacking Hoxd9, Hoxd10, and Hoxd11 exhibit defects in locomotion but have no obvious defects in motor neuron positioning or dendrite morphology through the medio-lateral and rostro-caudal axes. However, we found that quadriceps motor neurons in these mice show aberrant axon development and receive inappropriate inputs from proprioceptive sensory axons innervating the obturator muscle. These genetic studies demonstrate that the HoxD transcription factors play an integral role in the synaptic specificity of monosynaptic sensory-motor connections in the developing spinal cord.

scholarly journals Sulf2a controls Shh-dependent neural fate specification in the developing spinal cord

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Danesin ◽  
Romain Darche-Gabinaud ◽  
Nathalie Escalas ◽  
Vanessa Bouguetoch ◽  
Philippe Cochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Neural Fate ◽  
Heparan Sulfates ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

AbstractSulf2a belongs to the Sulf family of extracellular sulfatases which selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfates, a critical regulation level for their role in modulating the activity of signalling molecules. Data presented here define Sulf2a as a novel player in the control of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-mediated cell type specification during spinal cord development. We show that Sulf2a depletion in zebrafish results in overproduction of V3 interneurons at the expense of motor neurons and also impedes generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), three cell types that depend on Shh for their generation. We provide evidence that Sulf2a, expressed in a spatially restricted progenitor domain, acts by maintaining the correct patterning and specification of ventral progenitors. More specifically, Sulf2a prevents Olig2 progenitors to activate high-threshold Shh response and, thereby, to adopt a V3 interneuron fate, thus ensuring proper production of motor neurons and OPCs. We propose a model in which Sulf2a reduces Shh signalling levels in responding cells by decreasing their sensitivity to the morphogen factor. More generally, our work, revealing that, in contrast to its paralog Sulf1, Sulf2a regulates neural fate specification in Shh target cells, provides direct evidence of non-redundant functions of Sulfs in the developing spinal cord.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Vascularization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ricardo Vieira ◽  
Bhavin Shah ◽  
Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Cns Development ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Spinal Cord Vascularization ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

During embryonic central nervous system (CNS) development, the neural and the vascular systems communicate with each other in order to give rise to a fully functional and mature CNS. The initial avascular CNS becomes vascularized by blood vessel sprouting from different vascular plexus in a highly stereotypical and controlled manner. This process is similar across different regions of the CNS. In particular for the developing spinal cord (SC), blood vessel ingression occurs from a perineural vascular plexus during embryonic development. In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive description of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this stereotypical and controlled patterning of blood vessels in the developing embryonic SC, identified using different animal models. We discuss how signals derived from neural progenitors and differentiated neurons guide the SC growing vasculature. Lastly, we provide a perspective of how the molecular mechanisms identified during development could be used to better understand pathological situations.

scholarly journals Sulf2a controls Shh-dependent neural fate specification in the developing spinal cord

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Danesin ◽  
Romain Darche-Gabinaud ◽  
Nathalie Escalas ◽  
Vanessa Bouguetoch ◽  
Philippe Cochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Neural Fate ◽  
Heparan Sulfates ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

ABSTRACTSulf2a belongs to the Sulf family of extracellular sulfatases which selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfates, a critical regulation level for their role in modulating the activity of signalling molecules. Data presented here define Sulf2a as a novel player in the control of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-mediated cell type specification during spinal cord development. We show that Sulf2a depletion in zebrafish results in overproduction of V3 interneurons at the expense of motor neurons and also impedes generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), three cell types that depend on Shh for their generation. We provide evidence that Sulf2a, expressed in a spatially restricted progenitor domain, acts by maintaining the correct patterning and specification of ventral progenitors. More specifically, Sulf2a prevents Olig2 progenitors to activate high-threshold Shh response and, thereby, to adopt a V3 interneuron fate, thus ensuring proper production of motor neurons and OPCs. We propose a model in which Sulf2a reduces Shh signalling levels in responding cells by decreasing their sensitivity to the morphogen factor. More generally, our work, revealing that, in contrast to its paralog Sulf1, Sulf2a regulates neural fate specification in Shh target cells, provides direct evidence of non-redundant functions of Sulfs in the developing spinal cord.

scholarly journals Angiogenesis in the Developing Spinal Cord: Blood Vessel Exclusion from Neural Progenitor Region Is Mediated by VEGF and Its Antagonists

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0116119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruaki Takahashi ◽  
Yuta Takase ◽  
Takashi Yoshino ◽  
Daisuke Saito ◽  
Ryosuke Tadokoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

Effects of HBO with reduction of iNOS and HIF -1α in motor neurons after transient spinal cord ischemia in rabbits

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S452-S452
Author(s):  
Noritaka Murakami ◽  
Masahiro Sakurai ◽  
Takashi Horinouchi ◽  
Jun Ito ◽  
Shin Kurosawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia
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