Post-crossing segment of dI1 commissural axons forms collateral branches to motor neurons in the developing spinal cord

2018 ◽  
Vol 526 (12) ◽  
pp. 1943-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kaneyama ◽  
Ryuichi Shirasaki
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Commissural Axons ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

The control of rostrocaudal pattern in the developing spinal cord: specification of motor neuron subtype identity is initiated by signals from paraxial mesoderm

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ensini ◽  
T.N. Tsuchida ◽  
H.G. Belting ◽  
T.M. Jessell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

The generation of distinct classes of motor neurons is an early step in the control of vertebrate motor behavior. To study the interactions that control the generation of motor neuron subclasses in the developing avian spinal cord we performed in vivo grafting studies in which either the neural tube or flanking mesoderm were displaced between thoracic and brachial levels. The positional identity of neural tube cells and motor neuron subtype identity was assessed by Hox and LIM homeodomain protein expression. Our results show that the rostrocaudal identity of neural cells is plastic at the time of neural tube closure and is sensitive to positionally restricted signals from the paraxial mesoderm. Such paraxial mesodermal signals appear to control the rostrocaudal identity of neural tube cells and the columnar subtype identity of motor neurons. These results suggest that the generation of motor neuron subtypes in the developing spinal cord involves the integration of distinct rostrocaudal and dorsoventral patterning signals that derive, respectively, from paraxial and axial mesodermal cell groups.

scholarly journals HoxD transcription factors define monosynaptic sensory-motor specificity in the developing spinal cord

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiyasu Imai ◽  
Mike Adam ◽  
S. Steven Potter ◽  
Yutaka Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dendrite Morphology ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

The specificity of monosynaptic connections between proprioceptive sensory neurons and their recipient spinal motor neurons depends on multiple factors, including motor neuron positioning and dendrite morphology, axon projection patterns of proprioceptive sensory neurons in the spinal cord, and the ligand-receptor molecules involved in cell-to-cell recognition. However, with few exceptions, the transcription factors engaged in this process are poorly characterized. We show here, that members of the HoxD family of transcription factors play a critical role in the specificity of monosynaptic sensory-motor connections. Mice lacking Hoxd9, Hoxd10, and Hoxd11 exhibit defects in locomotion but have no obvious defects in motor neuron positioning or dendrite morphology through the medio-lateral and rostro-caudal axes. However, we found that quadriceps motor neurons in these mice show aberrant axon development and receive inappropriate inputs from proprioceptive sensory axons innervating the obturator muscle. These genetic studies demonstrate that the HoxD transcription factors play an integral role in the synaptic specificity of monosynaptic sensory-motor connections in the developing spinal cord.

scholarly journals Ndfip Proteins Target Robo Receptors for Degradation and Allow Commissural Axons to Cross the Midline in the Developing Spinal Cord

Cell Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3298-3312.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Gorla ◽  
Celine Santiago ◽  
Karina Chaudhari ◽  
Awo Akosua Kesewa Layman ◽  
Paula M. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Commissural Axons ◽  
Robo Receptors ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

scholarly journals Sulf2a controls Shh-dependent neural fate specification in the developing spinal cord

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Danesin ◽  
Romain Darche-Gabinaud ◽  
Nathalie Escalas ◽  
Vanessa Bouguetoch ◽  
Philippe Cochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Neural Fate ◽  
Heparan Sulfates ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

AbstractSulf2a belongs to the Sulf family of extracellular sulfatases which selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfates, a critical regulation level for their role in modulating the activity of signalling molecules. Data presented here define Sulf2a as a novel player in the control of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-mediated cell type specification during spinal cord development. We show that Sulf2a depletion in zebrafish results in overproduction of V3 interneurons at the expense of motor neurons and also impedes generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), three cell types that depend on Shh for their generation. We provide evidence that Sulf2a, expressed in a spatially restricted progenitor domain, acts by maintaining the correct patterning and specification of ventral progenitors. More specifically, Sulf2a prevents Olig2 progenitors to activate high-threshold Shh response and, thereby, to adopt a V3 interneuron fate, thus ensuring proper production of motor neurons and OPCs. We propose a model in which Sulf2a reduces Shh signalling levels in responding cells by decreasing their sensitivity to the morphogen factor. More generally, our work, revealing that, in contrast to its paralog Sulf1, Sulf2a regulates neural fate specification in Shh target cells, provides direct evidence of non-redundant functions of Sulfs in the developing spinal cord.

scholarly journals Sulf2a controls Shh-dependent neural fate specification in the developing spinal cord

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Danesin ◽  
Romain Darche-Gabinaud ◽  
Nathalie Escalas ◽  
Vanessa Bouguetoch ◽  
Philippe Cochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Neural Fate ◽  
Heparan Sulfates ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

ABSTRACTSulf2a belongs to the Sulf family of extracellular sulfatases which selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfates, a critical regulation level for their role in modulating the activity of signalling molecules. Data presented here define Sulf2a as a novel player in the control of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-mediated cell type specification during spinal cord development. We show that Sulf2a depletion in zebrafish results in overproduction of V3 interneurons at the expense of motor neurons and also impedes generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), three cell types that depend on Shh for their generation. We provide evidence that Sulf2a, expressed in a spatially restricted progenitor domain, acts by maintaining the correct patterning and specification of ventral progenitors. More specifically, Sulf2a prevents Olig2 progenitors to activate high-threshold Shh response and, thereby, to adopt a V3 interneuron fate, thus ensuring proper production of motor neurons and OPCs. We propose a model in which Sulf2a reduces Shh signalling levels in responding cells by decreasing their sensitivity to the morphogen factor. More generally, our work, revealing that, in contrast to its paralog Sulf1, Sulf2a regulates neural fate specification in Shh target cells, provides direct evidence of non-redundant functions of Sulfs in the developing spinal cord.

Perturbation of neuronal differentiation and axon guidance in the spinal cord of mouse embryos lacking a floor plate: analysis of Danforth's short-tail mutation

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bovolenta ◽  
J. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Ventral Midline ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Commissural Axons ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Plate Analysis

The floor plate of the vertebrate nervous system has been implicated in the guidance of commissural axons at the ventral midline. Experiments in chick have also suggested that at earlier stages of development the floor plate induces the differentiation of motor neurons and other neurons of the ventral spinal cord. Here we have examined the development of the spinal cord in a mouse mutant, Danforth's short-tail, in which the floor plate is absent from caudal regions of the neuraxis. In affected regions of the spinal cord, commissural axons exhibited aberrant projection patterns as they reached and crossed the ventral midline. In addition, motor neurons were absent or markedly reduced in number in regions of the spinal cord lacking a floor plate. Our results suggest that the floor plate is indeed an intermediate target in the projection of commissural axons and support the idea that several different mechanisms operate in concert in the guidance of axons to their cellular targets in the developing nervous system. In addition, these experiments suggest that the mechanisms that govern the differentiation of the floor plate and other ventral cell types in the neural tube are common to mammals and lower vertebrates.

scholarly journals Motor neurons control blood vessel patterning in the developing spinal cord

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Himmels ◽  
Isidora Paredes ◽  
Heike Adler ◽  
Andromachi Karakatsani ◽  
Robert Luck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

Effects of HBO with reduction of iNOS and HIF -1α in motor neurons after transient spinal cord ischemia in rabbits

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S452-S452
Author(s):  
Noritaka Murakami ◽  
Masahiro Sakurai ◽  
Takashi Horinouchi ◽  
Jun Ito ◽  
Shin Kurosawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia
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