Metabolic regulation of stem cell function in tissue homeostasis and organismal ageing

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navdeep S. Chandel ◽  
Heinrich Jasper ◽  
Theodore T. Ho ◽  
Emmanuelle Passegué
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis

scholarly journals Rac1 Is Required for Epithelial Stem Cell Function during Dermal and Oral Mucosal Wound Healing but Not for Tissue Homeostasis in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e10503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogerio M. Castilho ◽  
Cristiane H. Squarize ◽  
Kantima Leelahavanichkul ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Thomas Bugge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cell ◽  
Mucosal Wound

scholarly journals New Insights into the Role of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition during Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Santos ◽  
Cristiana Moreira ◽  
Sandrina Nóbrega-Pereira ◽  
Bruno Bernardes de Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Possible Cause

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process by which differentiated epithelial cells undergo a phenotypic conversion to a mesenchymal nature. The EMT has been increasingly recognized as an essential process for tissue fibrogenesis during disease and normal aging. Higher levels of EMT proteins in aged tissues support the involvement of EMT as a possible cause and/or consequence of the aging process. Here, we will highlight the existing understanding of EMT supporting the phenotypical alterations that occur during normal aging or pathogenesis, covering the impact of EMT deregulation in tissue homeostasis and stem cell function.

scholarly journals Metabolic regulation of stem cell function

2014 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burgess ◽  
M. Agathocleous ◽  
S. J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Cell Function

scholarly journals Identification of Genes Needed for Regeneration, Stem Cell Function, and Tissue Homeostasis by Systematic Gene Perturbation in Planaria

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Reddien ◽  
Adam L. Bermange ◽  
Kenneth J. Murfitt ◽  
Joya R. Jennings ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Gene Perturbation

scholarly journals Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cells in Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Keller ◽  
Tyus Temple ◽  
Behnam Sayanjali ◽  
Maria M. Mihaylova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Dietary Interventions

AbstractPurpose of ReviewFrom invertebrates to vertebrates, the ability to sense nutrient availability is critical for survival. Complex organisms have evolved numerous signaling pathways to sense nutrients and dietary fluctuations, which influence many cellular processes. Although both overabundance and extreme depletion of nutrients can lead to deleterious effects, dietary restriction without malnutrition can increase lifespan and promote overall health in many model organisms. In this review, we focus on age-dependent changes in stem cell metabolism and dietary interventions used to modulate stem cell function in aging.Recent FindingsOver the last half-century, seminal studies have illustrated that dietary restriction confers beneficial effects on longevity in many model organisms. Many researchers have now turned to dissecting the molecular mechanisms by which these diets affect aging at the cellular level. One subpopulation of cells of particular interest are adult stem cells, the most regenerative cells of the body. It is generally accepted that the regenerative capacity of stem cells declines with age, and while the metabolic requirements of each vary across tissues, the ability of dietary interventions to influence stem cell function is striking.SummaryIn this review, we will focus primarily on how metabolism plays a role in adult stem cell homeostasis with respect to aging, with particular emphasis on intestinal stem cells while also touching on hematopoietic, skeletal muscle, and neural stem cells. We will also discuss key metabolic signaling pathways influenced by both dietary restriction and the aging process, and will examine their role in improving tissue homeostasis and lifespan. Understanding the mechanisms behind the metabolic needs of stem cells will help bridge the divide between a basic science interpretation of stem cell function and a whole-organism view of nutrition, thereby providing insight into potential dietary or therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Loss of epigenetic polarity is a hallmark of hematopoietic stem cell aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (R2) ◽  
pp. R248-R254
Author(s):  
Eva Mejia-Ramirez ◽  
Hartmut Geiger ◽  
M Carolina Florian
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Aging ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions ◽  
Functional Deterioration

Abstract Changes of polarity in somatic stem cells upon aging or disease lead to a functional deterioration of stem cells and consequently loss of tissue homeostasis, likely due to changes in the mode (symmetry versus asymmetry) of stem cell divisions. Changes in polarity of epigenetic markers (or ‘epi-polarity’) in stem cells, which are linked to alterations in chromatin architecture, might explain how a decline in the frequency of epipolar stem cells can have a long-lasting impact on the function of especially aging stem cells. The drift in epipolarity might represent a novel therapeutic target to improve stem cell function upon aging or disease. Here we review basic biological principles of epigenetic polarity, with a special focus on epipolarity and aging of hematopoietic stem cells.

scholarly journals In Search for Anti-Aging Strategy: Can We Rejuvenate Our Aging Stem Cells?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Nurrani Mustika Dewi ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Bodyweight Loss ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Cell Decline

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggested that we grow old partly because of our stem cells grow old as a result of mechanisms that suppress the development of cancer over a lifetime. We believe that a further, more precise mechanistic understanding of this process will be required before this knowledge can be translated into human anti-aging therapies.CONTENT: A diminished capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis is a central physiological characteristic of aging. As stem cells regulate tissue homeostasis, depletion of stem cell reserves and/or diminished stem cell function have been postulated to contribute to aging. It has further been suggested that accumulated DNA damage could be a principal mechanism underlying age-dependent stem cell decline. It is interesting that many of the rejuvenating interventions act on the stem cell compartments, perhaps reflecting shared genetic and biochemical pathways controlling stem cell function and longevity. Strategy to slow down the aging processes is based on caloric restriction refers to a dietary regimen low in calories but without undernutrition. Sirtuin (SIRT)1 and 3, increases longevity by mimicking the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. SIRT3 regulates stress-responsive mitochondrial homeostasis, and more importantly, SIRT3 upregulation rejuvenates aged stem cells in tissues. Resveratrol (3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene), a natural polyphenol found in grapes and wine, was the most powerful natural activator of SIRT1. In fact, resveratrol treatment has been demonstrated to rescue adult stem cell decline, slow down bodyweight loss, improve trabecular bone structure and mineral density, and significantly extend lifespan.SUMMARY: Tissue-specific stem cells persist throughout the entire lifespan to repair and maintain tissues, but their self-renewal and differentiation potential become dysregulated with aging. Given that adult stem cells are thought to be central to tissue maintenance and organismal survival, SIRT3 may promote organismal longevity by maintaining the integrity of tissue-speciic stem cells.KEYWORDS: rejuvenation, aging, stem cell, DNA damage, sirtuin activator

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