scholarly journals Nerve Fibres Containing Gastrin-Releasing Peptide around Pial Vessels

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Uddman ◽  
Lars Edvinsson ◽  
Christer Owman ◽  
Frank Sundler
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Pial Vessels

Nerve fibres containing immunoreactive gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) were demonstrated around pial blood vessels of cat, guinea pig, rat, and mouse. A sparse supply was found around spinal cord blood vessels, whereas the choroid plexus seemed to be devoid of GRP fibres. Sympathectomy did not affect the number or distribution of the GRP fibres. The administration of neither GRP nor its closely related analogue, bombesin, contracted or dilated feline pial arteries in vitro.

scholarly journals Perivascular Substance P: Occurrence and Distribution in Mammalian Pial Vessels

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Uddman ◽  
L. Edvinsson ◽  
C. Owman ◽  
F. Sundler
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Moderate Number ◽  
Pial Vessels

Nerve fibres containing immunoreactive substance P (SP) were demonstrated in the wall of cerebral blood vessels of several mammalian species. Pial arteries of cat and guinea-pig were richly supplied with SP nerve fibres, while those of rat, rabbit, pig, and man had a moderate number. SP fibres were more numerous in pial vessels belonging to the rostral parts of the circle of Willis as compared to more caudally located blood vessels. In cat and guinea-pig, blood vessels in the choroid plexus were surrounded by few SP nerve fibres; also spinal cord blood vessels of cat contained few such fibres.

Effect of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) on guinea pig gallbladder contrction in vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Liu ◽  
Satoru Naruse ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ozaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Sazi ◽  
Takaharu Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide

Aminergic and cholinergic innervations of the spinal cord blood vessels of cats

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Itakura
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Anterior Spinal Artery ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Cholinergic Nerve ◽  
Ischemic Change ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cholinergic Nerve Fibers

✓ The distribution patterns of aminergic and cholinergic nerve fibers in the feline spinal cord blood vessels were studied by means of amine histofluorescence and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining. These patterns were compared with those of the cerebral blood vessels. The anterior spinal artery had a dense network of aminergic and AChE-positive (probably cholinergic) nerve fibers. The posterior spinal vein, in contrast, exhibited only aminergic nerve fibers. Small intraparenchymal blood vessels in the spinal cord also had strongly fluorescent (probably peripheral) aminergic nerve fibers, as well as pial spinal blood vessels. This was a characteristic feature in the spinal cord. The distribution pattern and the density of these two sorts of nerve fibers in the anterior spinal artery varied widely with the individual segment of the spinal cord. The thoracic spinal cord had the lowest number of these nerve fibers of any part of the spinal cord. This fact may explain why the thoracic spinal cord is most susceptible to ischemic change.

scholarly journals Direct Vascular Effects of Agents Used in the Pharmacotherapy of Cerebrovascular Disease on Isolated Cerebral Vessels

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Young ◽  
Michele Bouloy ◽  
Jean-François Boussard ◽  
Lars Edvinsson ◽  
Eric T. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Xanthine Derivatives ◽  
Pial Vessels ◽  
Agonist Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Methyl Xanthine

The direct vasomotor effects of a number of agents used in the therapy of cerebral circulatory and metabolic disease were studied in isolated segments of cat pial vessels in vitro. Studies were repeated eight times generally, thus permitting the calculation of the mean maximum response—termed EAm (in dynes)—and of the molar agonist concentration required to effect the half-maximal response, termed EC50. The results obtained with various agonists were compared to a well-documented vasodilator, acetylcholine ( EAm = −780 dyn; EC50 = 0,029 μm) and a known vasoconstrictor, 5-hydroxytryptamine ( EAm = + 1630 dyn; EC50 = 0.036 μm). Papaverine and its derivatives effected a relaxation of the pial arteries with the following order of potency: YC-93 > papaverine > naftidrofuryl > viquidil. The EC50 for papaverine was 1,5 μm. Methyl xanthine derivatives (aminophylline, pentoxifylline, and theophylline) were essentially inactive, In contrast, drugs that are known to be capable of decreasing the volume of an experimental infarction, many of which are described as α-adrenolytic agents, contracted the isolated cerebrovascular smooth muscle, Their order of efficacy, based on the mean EAm values, was ifenprodil > vincamine > nicergoline > dihydroergotoxine > raubasine, In addition, it was considered worthwhile to determine whether the ifenprodil-induced vasoconstriction occurred when human, rather than cat, pial vessels were studied, Ifenprodil and vincamine contracted the human vessels in a biphasic manner; the EC50 was calculated to be 2,0 and 30 μm. Based on the above observations, the following comments would appear justified, Firstly, an increase in cerebral blood flow does not necessarily mean a compound is a direct vasodilator. Secondly, the vasoconstrictory actions of some agents correlate well with their anti-ischaemic properties (e.g., ifenprodil, vincamine, and nicergoline), Lastly, one action of effective anti-ischaemic agents might be to reduce flow, by vasoconstriction, in hyperaemic tissue: the inverse “steal” effect.

Myelinated fibers of spinal cord blood vessels—sensory innervation?

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Heavner ◽  
Penelope W. Coates ◽  
Gabor Racz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Myelinated Fibers

A Compressible, Transversely Isotropic, Hyperelastic Constitutive Model of the Guinea Pig Spinal Cord White Matter

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Galle ◽  
Hui Ouyang ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Eric A. Nauman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Tissue Compression

Slow compression spinal cord injuries occur when the spinal canal narrows, the consequence of degenerative, infective, or oncologic legion growth, and exerts pressure throughout the spinal cord. Transverse tissue compression results in an amalgamation of mechanical insults at the cellular level [1]. However, the mechanism of cellular injury has yet to be elucidated. We have recently developed a hyperelastic, isotropic plane strain finite element model (FEM) of the guinea pig spinal cord white matter response to transverse compression based on force-deformation curves measured in vitro. The strongest correlation with in vitro axonal injury density was the combination of the in-plane shear stress with the in- and out-of-plane normal stresses quantified using the FEM [2]. However, we hypothesize that the guinea pig spinal cord white matter is a transversely isotropic material. Material anisotropy must be incorporated into the FEM to achieve enhanced model accuracy, specifically, the prediction of axial stresses within the spinal cord parenchyma during transverse tissue compression. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to propose a compressible, transversely isotropic, hyperelastic constitutive model of the guinea pig spinal cord white matter.

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