scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat modification on insulin sensitivity and on other risk factors of the metabolic syndrome—LIPGENE: a European randomized dietary intervention study

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Tierney ◽  
J McMonagle ◽  
D I Shaw ◽  
H L Gulseth ◽  
O Helal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention Study

scholarly journals Dietary fibre, lente carbohydrates and the insulin-resistant diseases

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (S1) ◽  
pp. S157-S163 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. A. Jenkins ◽  
Mette Axelsen ◽  
Cyril W. C. Kendall ◽  
Livia S. A. Augustin ◽  
Vladimir Vuksan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Several epidemiological studies link consumption of fibre-rich foods to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and CHD. The ‘fibre hypothesis’ suggested that this was a direct effect of fibre. However, fibre-rich foods contain different types of fibre as well as other potentially beneficial compounds, and many foods naturally high in fibre have low glycaemic and insulinaemic indices, possibly due to food form. The question therefore emerges as to the effect of isolated fibre per se on insulin sensitivity, lipids and other risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. Many beneficial effects are seen with pharmacological doses of isolated viscous soluble fibre, including improved insulin sensitivity, decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and decreased clotting factors. Similar effects are seen with low glycaemic-index foods. In contrast, insoluble non-viscous cereal fibre is not seen to act directly on risk factors when taken in refined foods such as in milled flour. Since cereal fibre, the major type of fibre in western diets, does not directly act on the risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, the question remains as to possible mechanisms. Until now, fibre and the nature and processing of the starch and particle size have been seen as the main determinants of the metabolic response to starchy foods. However, fibre-rich foods also have an increased protein-to-carbohydrate ratio. Hence we suggest that the protective effect of fibre may also be due to increased vegetable protein content, which may act directly to reduce clotting factors and oxidized LDL-cholesterol levels.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and salt sensitivity of blood pressure in non-diabetic people in China: a dietary intervention study

The Lancet ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 373 (9666) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Dongfeng Gu ◽  
Jianfeng Huang ◽  
Dabeeru C Rao ◽  
Cashell E Jaquish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Intervention Study

scholarly journals Adolescent Diet and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Women: Results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC) Follow-Up Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. E1999-E2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne F. Dorgan ◽  
Lea Liu ◽  
Bruce A. Barton ◽  
Snehal Deshmukh ◽  
Linda G. Snetselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Adolescent Diet ◽  
Dietary Intervention Study

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat on insulin secretion in subjects with the metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne L Gulseth ◽  
Ingrid M F Gjelstad ◽  
Audrey C Tiereny ◽  
Danielle McCarthy ◽  
Julie A Lovegrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Objective Impaired insulin secretion and action contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Dietary fat modification may improve insulin sensitivity, whereas the effect on insulin secretion is unclear. We investigated the effect of dietary fat modification on insulin secretion in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Design In a 12-week pan-European parallel, randomized controlled dietary intervention trial (LIPGENE), 486 subjects were assigned to four isoenergetic diets: high-fat diets rich in saturated fat (HSFA) or monounsaturated fat (HMUFA) or low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets with (LFHCC n-3) or without (LFHCC control) 1.2 g/day of n-3 PUFA supplementation. Insulin secretion was estimated as acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and disposition index (DI), modeled from an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Results There were no overall effect of the dietary intervention on AIRg and DI in the total cohort, in neither the high-fat nor LFHCC groups. We observed significant diet*fasting glucose category interactions for AIRg (P = 0.021) and DI (P = 0.001) in the high-fat groups. In subjects with normal fasting glucose and preserved first phase insulin secretion, the HMUFA diet increased, whereas the HSFA diet reduced AIRg (P = 0.015) and DI (P = 0.010). Conclusions The effects of dietary fat modification on insulin secretion were minor, and only evident in normoglycemic subjects. In this case, the HMUFA diet improved AIRg and DI, as compared to the HSFA diet.

Associations between Liver Enzyme Levels and Parameters of the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane S. Hampe ◽  
Michele L. Shaffer ◽  
Christian L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzyme ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes

Background: Obesity is strongly associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and therefore risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is an increasing problem in youth. The potential role of elevated liver enzyme levels in this context needs to be further investigated. Methods: This paper provides a post hoc analysis of a cross-sectional study of 77 obese nondiabetic children (51% female; median age 11.7 years; BMI >97th percentile) enrolled at the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, glycemic control, and liver enzyme levels were evaluated. Glucose and insulin levels were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Gender- and age-specific cutoff values were used to assess MetS. Results: A high prevalence of hypertension (51%), dyslipidemia (52%), elevated liver enzyme levels (51%), and hyperglycemia (24%) was found. There was considerable overlap between the presence of different MetS risk factors in individuals, and 40% of the participants had ≥3 of a maximum of 5 MetS risk factors. Elevated liver enzyme levels were significantly associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, as the OGTT-insulin response was significantly higher in participants with elevated transaminases (p = 0.01). This association was independent of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia (p = 0.03). Conclusions: We conclude that liver enzyme levels are related to insulin sensitivity in obese children and could therefore be an indirect indicator for MetS. Testing for disturbed glucose metabolism should be considered for obese children with elevated liver enzymes.

Dietary fat, insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Riccardi ◽  
R Giacco ◽  
A.A Rivellese
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome
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