Dietary fat, insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Riccardi ◽  
R Giacco ◽  
A.A Rivellese
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Hispanic Youth and the Role of Insulin Sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Cruz ◽  
Marc J. Weigensberg ◽  
Terry T.-K. Huang ◽  
Geoff Ball ◽  
Gabriel Q. Shaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hispanic Youth ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is highest among Hispanic adults. However, studies exploring the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth are lacking. Subjects were 126 overweight children (8–13 yr of age) with a family history for type 2 diabetes. The metabolic syndrome was defined as having at least three of the following: abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, systolic and diastolic hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance was 62, 67, 26, 22, 4, and 27%, respectively. The presence of zero, one, two, or three or more features of the metabolic syndrome was 9, 22, 38, and 30%, respectively. After controlling for body composition, insulin sensitivity was positively related to HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) and negatively related to triglycerides (P < 0.001) and systolic (P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the number of features of the metabolic syndrome increased. In conclusion, overweight Hispanic youth with a family history for type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and this appears to be due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Improving insulin resistance may be crucial for the prevention of chronic disease in this at-risk population.

scholarly journals Dietary fibre, lente carbohydrates and the insulin-resistant diseases

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (S1) ◽  
pp. S157-S163 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. A. Jenkins ◽  
Mette Axelsen ◽  
Cyril W. C. Kendall ◽  
Livia S. A. Augustin ◽  
Vladimir Vuksan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Several epidemiological studies link consumption of fibre-rich foods to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and CHD. The ‘fibre hypothesis’ suggested that this was a direct effect of fibre. However, fibre-rich foods contain different types of fibre as well as other potentially beneficial compounds, and many foods naturally high in fibre have low glycaemic and insulinaemic indices, possibly due to food form. The question therefore emerges as to the effect of isolated fibre per se on insulin sensitivity, lipids and other risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. Many beneficial effects are seen with pharmacological doses of isolated viscous soluble fibre, including improved insulin sensitivity, decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and decreased clotting factors. Similar effects are seen with low glycaemic-index foods. In contrast, insoluble non-viscous cereal fibre is not seen to act directly on risk factors when taken in refined foods such as in milled flour. Since cereal fibre, the major type of fibre in western diets, does not directly act on the risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, the question remains as to possible mechanisms. Until now, fibre and the nature and processing of the starch and particle size have been seen as the main determinants of the metabolic response to starchy foods. However, fibre-rich foods also have an increased protein-to-carbohydrate ratio. Hence we suggest that the protective effect of fibre may also be due to increased vegetable protein content, which may act directly to reduce clotting factors and oxidized LDL-cholesterol levels.

scholarly journals No Independent Association of Circulating Fetuin-A with Insulin Sensitivity in Young Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 809-814
Author(s):  
Sabrina Reif ◽  
Sarah Moschko ◽  
Christina Gar ◽  
Uta Ferrari ◽  
Nina Hesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Independent Association

AbstractAnimal data link high circulating fetuin-A to low insulin sensitivity and observational studies identify the hepatokine as a marker of future incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. However, a recent, well-powered Mendelian randomization study finds no causal role. We therefore tested in a deeply-phenotyped human cohort if circulating fetuin-A correlates independently with insulin sensitivity and how it relates to the metabolic syndrome and ectopic fat deposition. We analyzed data from 290 young women with and without recent gestational diabetes mellitus. We found that circulating fetuin-A correlates inversely with insulin sensitivity in univariate analyses, but that this correlation is lost after adjustment for markers of the metabolic syndrome and of fatty liver. Additionally, we investigated which fat compartment associates most strongly with circulating fetuin-A. In whole body MRI data from a subcohort of 152 women, this was liver fat content. We conclude that high circulating fetuin-A occurs as part of the metabolic syndrome in young women and associates most strongly with liver fat content. Its close link to the metabolic syndrome may also cause the inverse correlation of circulating fetuin-A with insulin sensitivity as we found no independent association.

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