scholarly journals Kinetics, dynamics, and bioavailability of bumetanide in healthy subjects and patients with chronic renal failure

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry S H Lau ◽  
Martha L Hyneck ◽  
Rosemary R Berardi ◽  
Richard D Swartz ◽  
David E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Healthy Subjects

Disturbed lipoprotein composition in non-dialyzed, hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and post-transplant patients with chronic renal failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kimak ◽  
Andrzej Książek ◽  
Janusz Solski
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Lipoprotein Composition

AbstractStudies were carried out in 183 non-dialyzed, 123 hemodialysis, 81 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and 35 post-transplant patients and in 103 healthy subjects as a reference group. Lipids and apolipoprotein (apo)AI and apoB were determined using Roche kits. An anti-apoB antibody was used to separate apoB-containing apoCIII and apoE-triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) in the non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) fraction from apoCIIInonB and apoEnonB in the HDL fraction in four groups of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and healthy subjects. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between triglyceride (TG) or HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and lipoproteins. Dyslipidemia varied according to the degree of renal insufficiency, the type of dialysis and therapy regime in CRF patients. Lipoprotein disturbances were manifested by increased TG, non-HDL-C and TRL concentrations, and decreased HDL-C and apoAI concentrations, whereas post-renal transplant patients showed normalization of lipid and lipoprotein profiles, except for TG levels and total apoCIII and apoCIIInonB. The present study indicates that CRF patients have disturbed lipoprotein composition, and that hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C concentrations in these patients are multifactorial, being secondary to disturbed lipoproteins. The method using anti-apoB antibodies to separate apoB-containing lipoproteins in the non-HDL fraction from non-apoB-containing lipoproteins in HDL can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with progression of renal failure or atherosclerosis. The variability of TG and HDL-C concentrations depends on the variability of TRL and cholesterol-rich lipoprotein concentrations, but the decreases in TG and increases in HDL-C concentrations are caused by apoAI concentration variability. These relationships, however, need to be confirmed in further studies.

Elevated temporal QT variability index in patients with chronic renal failure

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats JOHANSSON ◽  
Sinsia A. GAO ◽  
Peter FRIBERG ◽  
Marita ANNERSTEDT ◽  
Göran BERGSTRÖM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Qt Variability Index ◽  
Qt Variability ◽  
Variability Index

Patients with CRF (chronic renal failure) are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, and 60% of cardiovascular mortality in CRF is attributed to sudden death. Various abnormalities in myocardial repolarization are associated with the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. The aim of this study was to evaluate an index of temporal myocardial repolarization lability, the temporal QTVI (QT variability index), in patients with CRF. ECGs were recorded in 153 patients with CRF on haemodialysis (n=67), continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (n=43) or conservative treatment (n=43) during 30 min of rest. QTVI was calculated as the logarithm of the ratio between the variances of the normalized QT and RR intervals. Age-matched healthy subjects (n=39) were examined for comparison. QTVI was increased by 47% in CRF patients compared with healthy subjects (−0.82±0.56 compared with −1.54±0.27 respectively; P<0.01). QTVI did not differ among patients on dialysis or conservative treatment, whereas QTVI was elevated further in patients with diabetes compared with non-diabetic CRF patients (−0.56±0.54 compared with −0.94±0.52 respectively; P<0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, diabetes and a history of coronary artery disease were the only independent predictors of QTVI in the CRF population. The present study demonstrates that elevated QTVI in patients with CRF is associated with diabetes and coronary disease. The present findings are important given that repolarization instability may predispose to ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death, events that occur frequently in CRF patients.

Ion chromatographic determination of plasma oxalate in healthy subjects, in patients with chronic renal failure and in cases of hyperoxaluric syndromes

1990 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Petrarulo ◽  
Ornella Bianco ◽  
Martino Marangella ◽  
Sergio Pellegrino ◽  
Franco Linari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Chromatographic Determination

ABNORMAL RESPONSE OF THYROTROPHIN AND GROWTH HORMONE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Hasegawa ◽  
Yoshiki Matsushita ◽  
Seima Otomo ◽  
Noboru Hamada ◽  
Yoshiki Nishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximum Increment ◽  
Serum Gh ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum levels of TSH and GH were measured by radioimmunoassay after iv injection of 500 μg of TRH in 9 undialysed patients and 12 dialysed patients with chronic renal failure and in 6 healthy subjects. The basal level of the serum TSH was significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure than that in healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, serum TSH rose to a maximum level 30 min after TRH injection, while in patients with chronic renal failure, serum TSH rose to a maximum level 60 min after TRH injection. The mean maximum increment of serum TSH in healthy subjects was significantly higher than that in patients with chronic renal failure. Although TSH levels rapidly decreased after initial rise at 30 min after TRH administration in healthy subjects, these did not show significant changes at 60 and 120 min compared with values at 30 min after TRH administration in both dialysed and undialysed patients. The basal level of serum GH was significantly higher in dialysed patients with chronic renal failure than in healthy subjects. Serum GH level was much higher in dialysed patients at 30 min after TRH injection compared with that in healthy subjects. These findings may indicate that the response of the pituitary to TRH is abnormal and that the turnover of TSH and GH is decreased in patients with chronic renal failure.

scholarly journals The Serum Analysis of Dampness Syndrome in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Chronic Renal Failure Based on the Theory of “Same Syndromes in Different Diseases”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Hao ◽  
Xue Yuan ◽  
Peng Qian ◽  
Guanfeng Bai ◽  
Yiqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
Patient Groups

Aim. To analyze the serum metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) showing dampness syndrome and patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) showing dampness syndrome and to seek the substance that serves as the underlying basis of dampness syndrome in “same syndromes in different diseases.” Methods. Metabolic spectrum by GC-MS was performed using serum samples from 29 patients with CHD showing dampness syndrome and 32 patients with CRF showing dampness syndrome. The principal component analysis and statistical analysis of partial least squares were performed to detect the metabolites with different levels of expression in patients with CHD and CRF. Furthermore, by comparing the VIP value and data mining in METLIN and HMDB, we identified the common metabolites in both patient groups. Results. (1) Ten differential metabolites were found in patients with CHD showing dampness syndrome when compared to healthy subjects. Meanwhile, nine differential metabolites were found in patients with CRF showing dampness syndrome when compared to healthy subjects. (2) There were 9 differential metabolites identified when the serum metabolites of the CHD patients with dampness syndrome were compared to those of CRF patients with dampness syndrome. There were 4 common metabolites found in the serums of both patient groups.

scholarly journals A Novel Nucleotide Found in Human Erythrocytes, 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside Triphosphate

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (43) ◽  
pp. 32057-32064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa M. Slominska ◽  
Elizabeth A. Carrey ◽  
Henryk Foks ◽  
Czeslawa Orlewska ◽  
Ewa Wieczerzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Adenosine Kinase ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Mass Detection ◽  
Atp Concentration ◽  
Ribonucleoside Triphosphate

We report the identification of a hitherto unknown nucleotide that is present in micromolar concentrations in the erythrocytes of healthy subjects and accumulates at levels comparable with the ATP concentration in erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure. The unknown nucleotide was isolated and identified by liquid chromatography with UV and tandem mass detection, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy as 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside triphosphate (4PYTP), a structure indicating association with metabolism of the oxidized nicotinamide compounds. Subsequently, we demonstrated formation of 4PYTP in intact human erythrocytes during incubation with the chemically synthesized nucleoside precursor 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside (4PYR). We noted preferential accumulation of monophosphate of 4PYR (4PYMP) over 4PYTP as well as a decrease in erythrocyte ATP concentration during incubation with 4PYR. Both the 4PYR phosphorylation and ATP depletion were blocked by an inhibitor of adenosine kinase. Plasma concentration of 4PYR was detectable but very low (0.013 ± 0.006 μm) in contrast with the high daily urine excretion of this compound (26.7 ± 18.2 μmol/24 h) in healthy subjects, indicating much greater renal clearance than other nicotinamide metabolites, nucleosides, or creatinine. We also noted a 40-fold increase in 4PYR plasma concentration in patients with chronic renal failure (0.563 ± 0.321 μm). We suggest that 4PYTP formation in the erythrocytes is a hitherto unknown process aimed at sequestering potentially toxic 4PYR in a form that could be safely transported and subsequently released and excreted during passage of erythrocytes through the kidney.

Renal Excretion of Antidiuretic Hormone in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Renal Failure

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pruszczynski ◽  
Henri Caillens ◽  
Luc Drieu ◽  
Luc Moulonguet-Doleris ◽  
Raymond Ardaillou
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Fractional Clearance

1. Urinary clearance of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has been measured under basal conditions and during intravenous administration of arginine vasopressin in ten healthy subjects, and only under basal conditions in 18 patients with chronic renal failure and seven patients with acute renal failure at the polyuric phase of the disease. 2. In healthy subjects studied under conditions of mild water diuresis, plasma concentration, urinary excretion rate, urinary clearance and fractional clearance of ADH were 3.3 ± 0.36 pg/ml, 25.2 ± 5.5 pg/min, 7.5 ± 1.2 ml/min and 6.4 ± 1.0% (means ± sem) respectively. When plasma ADH was raised to levels between 7 and 26 pg/ml during intravenous administration of the hormone, urinary excretion rate and urinary clearance of ADH increased. Tubular reabsorption of ADH did not reach a plateau but progressively increased in the range of plasma ADH studied. 3. In patients with chronic renal failure, plasma concentration, urinary excretion rate, urinary clearance and fractional clearance of ADH were 2.8 ± 0.19 pg/ml, 9.4 ± 2.0 pg/min, 3.4 ± 0.6 ml/min and 10.0 ± 2.9% (means ± sem) respectively. Urinary excretion rate and urinary clearance were significantly lower than in healthy subjects. 4. In patients with acute renal failure, plasma concentration, urinary excretion rate, urinary clearance and fractional clearance of ADH were 4.6 ± 0.47 pg/ml, 52.8 ± 15.8 pg/min, 9.5 ± 2.7 ml/min and 24.9 ± 4.4% (means ± sem) respectively. Urinary excretion rate and fractional clearance were higher than in healthy subjects and patients with chronic renal failure. 5. These results demonstrate that most of the filtered ADH is reabsorbed by the tubules. The reabsorptive capability is markedly diminished in patients with acute renal failure at the polyuric phase of the disease.

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