Determination of Total Blood Volume from Measurements of Total Red Blood Cell Mass and Plasma Volume, using Simultaneously Injected Isotopes

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 202 (4936) ◽  
pp. 1013-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRWIN BERMAN ◽  
ROBERT CARR ◽  
EDWARD MALONE
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood

Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin and red blood cell mass during pregnancy in conscious rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. R399-R403 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Del Valle ◽  
M. D. Mosher ◽  
K. P. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Serum Erythropoietin ◽  
In Pregnancy

Serum erythropoietin concentration increases during human pregnancy and presumably accounts for expansion of red blood cell mass. The mechanism(s) underlying gestational changes of serum erythropoietin are unknown. Moreover, if erythropoietin synthesis increases, then the organ(s) questions about erythropoietin in pregnancy, we first set out to establish an animal model. Chronically instrumented, conscious unrestrained rats were studied. 51Cr-labeled red blood cells and radioimmunoassay were used to assess red blood cell mass and serum erythropoietin, respectively. Except for a lower hematocrit (P < 0.05 vs. virgin rats) and a slightly higher plasma volume (P value not significant) for gravid rats on gestational day 6, all other variables measured in early pregnancy rats were comparable to those measured in virgin control animals. Significant increases in total blood volume, plasma volume, and red blood cell mass were observed by gestational day 13 (midpregnancy) when compared with virgin control rats. These changes were even more pronounced on gestational day 20. Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin was also significantly increased at both of these stages of pregnancy. We conclude that the gravid rat is a reliable animal model of human gestation in which to further investigate erythropoietin in pregnancy.

Circulating blood volumes in pulmonary hypertension associated with erythrocytosis – the effects of therapeutic hemodilution

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rilvani C. Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Alberto Buschpigell ◽  
Antonio Augusto Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Eisenmenger Syndrome ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Blood Volumes

In the Eisenmenger syndrome, indirect estimation of blood volumes may provide quite inaccurate information when seeking to define therapeutic strategies. With this in mind, we analyzed directly the red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital cardiac defects and erythrocytosis, comparing the results with the respective estimated volumes, and examining the changes induced by therapeutic hemodilution.Thus, we studied 17 patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome, aged from 15 to 53 years, in the basal condition, studying 12 of them both before and after hemodilution. We also investigated five individuals with minimal cardiac lesions, aged from 14 to 42 years, as controls. Red cell mass and plasma volumes were measured using [51 chromium]-sodium chromate and [131iodine]-albumin respectively. Hemodilution was planned so as to exchange 10% of the total blood volume, using 40,000 molecular weight dextran simultaneously to replace the removed volume. The mean values of the red cell mass, plasma volume and total blood volume as assessed by radionuclide techniques were 32%, 31% and 32% higher than the respective volumes as estimated using empirical mathematical formulas (p < 0.002). The measured total blood volume was also 19% higher in the patients compared with controls. Following a period of 5 days after hemodilution, we noted a 13% reduction in red cell mass (p = 0.046), and 10% reduction in total blood volume (p = 0.02), albeit with no changes in the plasma volume.We conclude that direct measurement of blood volumes is useful for proper management of these patients, and provides results that are considerably different from those obtained by empirical estimations.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Terumo BCT MNC and Cmnc Protocols for Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collections

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 5731-5731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Westbrook ◽  
Joseph Roig ◽  
Neil Bagamasbad ◽  
Reynold Dilag ◽  
Melissa Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Run Time

Abstract Background: Terumo BCT recently offered a new method of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection using the Spectra Optia¨, an apheresis instrument. The new protocol includes a continuous mononuclear cell collection (CMNC) as opposed to an older version, the mononuclear cell collection (MNC), which involves an additional step where product pools through a cell separation insert. Our institution has used both methods and the purpose of this study was to compare the CMNC to the MNC protocol, including run times and PBSC product characteristics. Methods: A retrospective review and comparison of parameters from 120 collection procedures using the MNC insert and 60 collection procedures using the CMNC insert was done using the t-test. Data from patients/donors (including 20 allogeneic donors) as well as procedure details including run time, flow cytometry marker for stem cells (CD34)-positive (CD34+) throughput, CD34+ collection efficiency (CE%), platelet loss (plt loss/total blood volume [TBV]), and collection product characteristics were included in the analysis. Results: The MNC donor group included 12 allogeneic donors, which is comparable to the 8 allogeneic donors in the CMNC group. Donor weight and patient weight was not significantly different between the two groups. Pre-procedure laboratory values (WBC, percentage of lymphocytes [lymph%], percentage of monocytes [MNC%], and platelet count) were also similar between the two groups. Run time was found to be significantly shorter using the CMNC protocol compared to the MNC protocol. Product volume was also significantly lower in the CMNC group compared to the MNC group. Although the volume was lower, the CMNC product had significantly higher white blood cell count (WBC), MNC%, and lymph% when compared to the MNC product. The CD34+ throughput was significantly higher in the CMNC group than the MNC group. The CD34+ CE% was found to be slightly increased in the CMNC group, though not significantly. The platelet loss was nearly identical in both protocols when normalized for total blood volume. Product hematocrit (HCT%) was significantly higher using the CMNC protocol; however, the red blood cell volume never exceeded 20 mL due to the lower product volume with the CMNC protocol. The numerical results are summarized in the Table. Conclusion: The CMNC protocol collects a smaller volume of a purer product when compared to the MNC protocol with comparable platelet and red blood cell loss. Staff members who perform apheresis procedures are pleased by the shorter run time. Table Table. Disclosures Roig: Terumo BCT: Employment.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6-associated anemia: determination of the underlying mechanism

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1288-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Atkins ◽  
K Kappler ◽  
JW Mier ◽  
RE Isaacs ◽  
EM Berkman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Hematocrit Level ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
The Mean

Recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) is a pluripotent cytokine with proinflammatory, antitumor, and growth factor effects. Clinical investigations of rhIL-6 either alone as immunotherapy or as a colony- stimulating factor in conjunction with chemotherapy have shown a dose- dependent, rapid onset, and largely reversible decrease in venous hematocrit levels. In an effort to determine the mechanism for the rhIL- 6-associated anemia, we measured red blood cell volume serially in patients receiving rhIL-6 at either 30 micrograms/kg/day as a 120-hour continuous intravenous infusion (renal cell carcinoma) or 100 micrograms/kg/d intravenously over 1 hour for 5 days (melanoma) as part of two separate phase II trials. Radioisotope dilution assays with 51Cr- labeled autologous red blood cells and hemolysis screens were performed on day 1 before the initiation of therapy and on day 5 shortly before the end of therapy. In the 6 patients studied, the mean decrease in hemoglobin concentration was 1.9 +/- 0.94 g/dL. The mean decrease in the hematocrit level was 6% +/- 2% and the mean increase in total blood volume was 731 +/- 337 mL. These changes were explained by a mean decrease in red blood mass of 106 +/- 109 mL and a mean increase in plasma volume of 743 +/- 289 mL. The decrease in red blood cell mass was largely explained by phlebotomy during the hospitalization, but was not statistically significant (paired t-test, P = .06). All other changes were statistically significant (P &lt; .05). Simple regression analysis indicated that the decrease in hematocrit level and increase in plasma volume were related (y = -1.78 - .0066X; R = -.74). Measurements of lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, haptoglobin, and reticulocyte counts and serial stool hemoccults did not indicate hemolysis or blood loss. We conclude that the anemia caused by IL-6 is caused by an increase in plasma volume.

Simultaneous determination of blood volume with Cr51 and T-1824 during hypothermia and rewarming

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Fedor ◽  
B. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Usual Feature

Dogs lightly anesthetized with ether, maintained between 23–24°C for 2 hours and rewarmed, were subjected to simultaneous determinations of red cell volume (Cr51) and plasma volume (T-1824). Red cell volume values were unchanged during the course of the experiment. Plasma volumes were significantly decreased during hypothermia and were transiently elevated during rewarming. Twenty-four hours after rewarming, total blood volume and plasma volume values were not significantly different from control values. It would seem that circulatory failure (‘rewarming shock’) is not a usual feature of rewarming following hypothermia of 2 hours duration.

scholarly journals Blood volume in monoclonal gammopathy

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Alexanian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The plasma volume, red cell volume, or both were measured in 170 normal, anemic, or polycythemic subjects. For anemic subjects without a serum protein abnormality or splenomegaly, the relationship between hematocrit and red cell volume was linear and predictable. In patients with a serum monoclonal globulin on electrophoresis, the plasma voluem was significantly increased for the hematocrit in 30%, and the total blood volume was increased in 45%. The frequency of an elevated plasma volume was higher in patients with a markedly increased level of monoclonal protein. Reductions of abnormal proteins with chemotherapy were associated with declines in plasma volume. For a specific concentration, the serum viscosity was highest in patients with IgM proteins and lowest in patients with IgG globulins. Marked elevations in viscosity were noted only in sera with macroglobulinemia or with more than 5 g/dl of IgG or IgA globulins.

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