Morphological Influence of Exudates of Mycorrhizal and Non-Mycorrhizal Fungi on Excised Root Cultures of Pinus Sylvestris L.

Nature ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 194 (4828) ◽  
pp. 551-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. TURNER
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Cultures

SYNTHESIS OF MYCORRHIZAE ON EXPLANTS OF THE ROOT HYPOCOTYL OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. André Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Sustained Growth

A method of growing excised root cultures of leguminous plants was modified for the culture of excised roots of Pinus sylvestris L. The inclusion of a portion of hypocotyl on the expiants from the seedlings was found essential to obtain sustained growth of the root. With such explants, typical ectotrophic mycor-rhizae were obtained upon inoculation with Amanita rubescens (Pers. ex Fr.) Quel.

scholarly journals Phosphate availability and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with Pinus sylvestris have independent effects on the Paxillus involutus transcriptome

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Christina Paparokidou ◽  
Jonathan R. Leake ◽  
David J. Beerling ◽  
Stephen A. Rolfe
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Independent Effects

AbstractMany plant species form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi, which help them forage for limiting nutrients in the soil such as inorganic phosphate (Pi). The transcriptional responses to symbiosis and nutrient-limiting conditions in ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae, however, are largely unknown. An artificial system was developed to study ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Paxillus involutus growth in symbiosis with its host tree Pinus sylvestris at different Pi concentrations. RNA-seq analysis was performed on P. involutus hyphae growing under Pi-limiting conditions, either in symbiosis or alone. We show that Pi starvation and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis have an independent effect on the P. involutus transcriptome. Notably, low Pi availability induces expression of newly identified putative high-affinity Pi transporter genes, while reducing the expression of putative organic acid transporters. Additionally, low Pi availability induces a close transcriptional interplay between P and N metabolism. GTP-related signalling was found to have a positive effect in the maintenance of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, whereas multiple putative cytochrome P450 genes were found to be downregulated, unlike arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We provide the first evidence of global transcriptional changes induced by low Pi availability and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in the hyphae of P. involutus, revealing both similarities and differences with better-characterized arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Biological enhancement of mineral weathering by <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> seedlings – effects of plants, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and elevated CO<sub>2</sub>

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Rosenstock ◽  
Patrick A. W. van Hees ◽  
Petra M. A. Fransson ◽  
Roger D. Finlay ◽  
Anna Rosling
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Seedling Biomass

Abstract. Better understanding and quantifying the relative influence of plants, associated mycorrhizal fungi, and abiotic factors such as elevated CO2 on biotic weathering is essential to constraining weathering estimates. We employed a column microcosm system to examine the effects of elevated CO2 and Pinus sylvestris seedlings, with or without the ectomycorrhizal fungi Piloderma fallax and Suillus variegatus, on rhizosphere soil solution concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) and weathering of primary minerals. Seedlings significantly increased mineral weathering, as estimated from elemental budgets of Ca, K, Mg, and Si. Elevated CO2 increased plant growth and LMWOA concentrations, but had no effect on weathering. Colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly P. fallax, showed some tendency to increase weathering. LMWOA concentrations correlated with seedling biomass across both CO2 and mycorrhizal treatments, but not with total weathering. We conclude that nutrient uptake, which reduces transport limitation to weathering, is the primary mechanism by which plants enhanced weathering in this system. While the experimental system used departs from conditions in forest soils in a number of ways, these results are in line with weathering studies performed at the ecosystem, macrocosm, and microcosm scale, indicating that nutrient uptake by plants and microbes is an important biological mechanism by which mineral weathering is enhanced.

scholarly journals Growth and Mycorrhizal Community Structure of Pinus sylvestris Seedlings following the Addition of Forest Litter

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (15) ◽  
pp. 4867-4873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algis Aučina ◽  
Maria Rudawska ◽  
Tomasz Leski ◽  
Audrius Skridaila ◽  
Edvardas Riepšas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Litter Manipulation

ABSTRACT We report the effects of pine and oak litter on species composition and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing 2-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings grown in a bare-root nursery in Lithuania. A layer of pine or oak litter was placed on the surface of the nursery bed soil to mimic natural litter cover. Oak litter amendment appeared to be most favorable for seedling survival, with a 73% survival rate, in contrast to the untreated mineral bed soil (44%). The concentrations of total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were higher in oak growth medium than in pine growth medium. Relative to the control (pH 6.1), the pH was lower in pine growth medium (5.8) and higher in oak growth medium (6.3). There were also twofold and threefold increases in the C content of growth medium with the addition of pine and oak litter, respectively. Among seven mycorrhizal morphotypes, eight different mycorrhizal taxa were identified: Suillus luteus, Suillus variegatus, Wilcoxina mikolae, a Tuber sp., a Tomentella sp., Cenococcum geophilum, Amphinema byssoides, and one unidentified ectomycorrhizal symbiont. Forest litter addition affected the relative abundance of mycorrhizal symbionts more than their overall representation. This was more pronounced for pine litter than for oak litter, with 40% and 25% increases in the abundance of suilloid mycorrhizae, respectively. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that changes in the supply of organic matter through litter manipulation may have far-reaching effects on the chemistry of soil, thus influencing the growth and survival of Scots pine seedlings and their mycorrhizal communities.

Fungi-vegetation relationships in a Pinus sylvestris forest in central Norway

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd M. Såstad
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Field Layer ◽  
Mantel Tests ◽  
Total Cover

The macrofungal Basidiomycete community of a Pinus sylvestris forest was investigated in 50 plots, 2 × 2 m, to see how vegetation composition and space influenced the distribution of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mantel tests and partial Mantel tests revealed a relationship between total cover of the field layer and mycorrhizal fungi, and total cover of the bottom layer and saprotrophic fungi. These results are consistent with the predictions that mycorrhizal fungi are mainly influenced by plant species present in the root zone, whereas saprotrophic fungi are mainly influenced by the plant species of the bottom layer. Variation in the abundance of tree species did not influence the distribution of macrofungal species at this scale. The spatial patterns of fungal distribution found in this study did not deviate significantly from a random distribution. Indirect ordination showed that the ectomycorrhizal fungi mainly responded to a gradient in cover of the field layer, whereas the saprotrophs seemed to respond to a complex gradient of cover of field and bottom layer, moisture, and paludification. A direct ordination using both vegetation and fungi descriptors indicated that some of the covariation in the saprotrophic fungi and the bottom layer might be coordinated responses to changes in the field layer. A considerably higher β diversity was found among the fungi than in the vegetation. Key words: basidiomycetes, saprotrophic fungi, mycorrhizal fungi, fungi–vegetation relationships, Mantel test, ordination.

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