Occurrence of an Organ-Specific Antigen Associated with the Microsome Fraction of Plant Cells and its Possible Significance in the Process of Cellular Differentiation

Nature ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 185 (4706) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. C. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Microsome Fraction

The Circadian Clock inArabidopsisRoots Is a Simplified Slave Version of the Clock in Shoots

Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 322 (5909) ◽  
pp. 1832-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan B. James ◽  
José A. Monreal ◽  
Gillian A. Nimmo ◽  
Ciarán L. Kelly ◽  
Pawel Herzyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Circadian Oscillator ◽  
Inhibit Gene Expression ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Plant Clock

The circadian oscillator in eukaryotes consists of several interlocking feedback loops through which the expression of clock genes is controlled. It is generally assumed that all plant cells contain essentially identical and cell-autonomous multiloop clocks. Here, we show that the circadian clock in the roots of matureArabidopsisplants differs markedly from that in the shoots and that the root clock is synchronized by a photosynthesis-related signal from the shoot. Two of the feedback loops of the plant circadian clock are disengaged in roots, because two key clock components, the transcription factors CCA1 and LHY, are able to inhibit gene expression in shoots but not in roots. Thus, the plant clock is organ-specific but not organ-autonomous.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate Cancer: New Future Clinical Strategies?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Giusti ◽  
Vincenza Dolo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Potential Use

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer—excluding skin tumors—in men older than 50 years of age. Over time, the ability to diagnose PCa has improved considerably, mainly due to the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the clinical routine. However, it is important to take into account that although PSA is a highly organ-specific marker, it is not cancer-specific. This shortcoming suggests the need to find new and more specific molecular markers. Several emerging PCa biomarkers have been evaluated or are being assessed for their potential use. There is increasing interest in the prospective use of extracellular vesicles as specific markers; it is well known that the content of vesicles is dependent on their cellular origin and is strongly related to the stimulus that triggers the release of the vesicles. Consequently, the identification of a disease-specific molecule (protein, lipid or RNA) associated with vesicles could facilitate their use as novel biological markers. The present review describes severalin vitrostudies that demonstrate the role of vesicles in PCa progression and severalin vivostudies that highlight the potential use of vesicles as PCa biomarkers.

Immunofluorescence studies on the distribution of mouse uterine epithelial antigen in foetal, immature and adult mice

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
John-Gunnar Forsberg ◽  
Lennart Nord
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Immunofluorescence Studies ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Pancreatic Exocrine ◽  
Cell Changes

In an investigation of cellular differentiation processes, it is of great value to be able to study the appearance of specific cell products. Systems permitting this include pancreatic exocrine cells which make zymogen granules and amylase (Grobstein, 1964), the myoblast which produces myosin (Konigsberg, 1965), the chondrocyte which makes chondroitin and chondroitin synthesizing enzymes (Lash, Glick & Madden, 1964), and the melanocyte which makes melanin (Wilde, 1961). In other cases, such well-defined products are not known or are difficult to obtain and it is therefore necessary to turn to other methods for investigations of specific cell changes. Histochemical methods have been widely used but frequently give unspecific results. Advantages are obtained by using immuno-chemical methods which can demonstrate the appearance of organ- or tissue-specific antigen (Dumonde, 1966). The differentiation of the lens has been extensively studied by immuno-histological methods (for reviews, see Halbert & Manski, 1963; Dumonde, 1966). The appearance of kidney-specific antigens during metanephros differentiation was studied by Lahti & Saxén (1966).

PSA request analysis: how should this be interpreted? What may be overlooked / PSA istem analizi: Nasıl yorumlanmalı? Gözden kaçanlar nelerdir?

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Nur Ayyıldız ◽  
Abdullah Çırakoğlu ◽  
Ali Ayyıldız ◽  
Erdal Benli
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
National Level ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Biopsy Examination ◽  
Urology Clinic

AbstractObjective: Prostate specific antigen is widely used for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of prostate cancer. However, despite being organ-specific, PSA is not specific to cancer. As some patients with elevated PSA level have normal biopsy results and some others with low PSA levels have cancer diagnosed in biopsy examination, PSA creates diagnostic uncertainty both for clinicians and patients. Moreover, different PSA results received for the same subject at separate time points as well as smalllarge fluctuations in PSA levels perturb both sides. In a setting where there are so many unknowns we have PSA in our hands without any restrictions for ordering it. This study analyzed PSA orders, patient traffic, and economic burden within a 6-year period.Methods: The number of PSA tests and patient outcomes at a training and research hospital between October 2006 and May 2013 were evaluated.Results: Of 12107 tPSA orders, 73.6% were ordered by the urology clinic and 26.4% orders were made from other outpatient clinics. When patients at follow-up for prostate cancer are excluded because their tPSAs have to be more commonly checked, we detected that 28.22% of tests were ordered at intervals of less than 1 year. The average tPSA testing frequency was 91.84±1.21 days (0-330). The number of patients younger than 40 years who were tested for tPSA was 287. Of these, 25.43% were ordered by the urology clinic and the remaining by other medical branches.Conclusion: A state of chaos surrounds PSA order and interpretation. Neither patients nor physicians are aware of PSA-related outcomes. Therefore, each hospital should hold sessions on PSA testing and inform physicians about them. Furthermore, a detailed public education should be provided and seminars should be organized at the national level.

scholarly journals Study on Correlation between Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Various Prostatic Pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Nirajan Mainali ◽  
Niraj Nepal ◽  
Prabesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Jit Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Antigen Level ◽  
Prostatic Specific Antigen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Organ Specific

Introduction: Prostatic enlargement that may due to any cause may give rise to bladder outlet obstruction. Prostatic specific antigen is the enzyme that is responsible for liquefaction of semen within a few minutes after it has clotted. Prostatic specific antigen is a widely used tumor marker for prostatic cancer. Prostatic specific antigen levels in the blood go up if the barrier between the lining epithelium and the blood stream is damaged. This study was done to determine the correlation between serum Prostatic specific antigen level and histological diagnosis in prostatic biopsy.Material and Methods: This is a one year prospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Nobel Medical College from August 16, 2016 to August 15 2017. A total of 175 cases were included in the study. Patient Prostatic specific antigen level were noted and biopsy specimen was collected after operation. Histopathological examination was done and correlation between HPE diagnosis and serum Prostatic specific antigen level was done.Results: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia was the most common diagnosis that was encountered. Majority of the cases had a serum Prostatic specific antigen level less than 10 ng/ml. Serum Prostatic specific antigen level of more than 30 ng/ml was seen only in prostatic carcinoma.Conclusions: Serum Prostatic specific antigen is organ specific but not a disease for prostate. It can be used to monitor the carcinoma of the prostate rather than the diagnosis of the carcinoma.

scholarly journals Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Organotropism Metastasis and Tumor Immune Escape

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Nan ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Haowen Nikola Liu ◽  
Stephen T.C. Wong ◽  
Hong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Metastatic Niche ◽  
Tumor Immune Escape ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Organotropic Metastasis

Most cancer deaths are due to metastasis, and almost all cancers have their preferential metastatic organs, known as “organotropism metastasis”. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity has been described as heterogeneous and dynamic cellular differentiation states, supported by emerging experimental evidence from both molecular and morphological levels. Many molecular factors regulating epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity have tissue-specific and non-redundant properties. Reciprocally, cellular epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity contributes to shaping organ-specific pre-metastatic niche (PMN) including distinct local immune landscapes, mainly through secreted bioactive molecular factors. Here, we summarize recent progress on the involvement of tumor epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in driving organotropic metastasis and regulating the function of different immune cells in organ-specific metastasis.

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