Study of the concentration of organ-specific antigen (thyroglobulin) in the human thyroid and its tumors

1964 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1355-1357
Author(s):  
G. I. Avdeev ◽  
M. I. Gel'bshtein
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Organ Specific

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate Cancer: New Future Clinical Strategies?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Giusti ◽  
Vincenza Dolo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Potential Use

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer—excluding skin tumors—in men older than 50 years of age. Over time, the ability to diagnose PCa has improved considerably, mainly due to the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the clinical routine. However, it is important to take into account that although PSA is a highly organ-specific marker, it is not cancer-specific. This shortcoming suggests the need to find new and more specific molecular markers. Several emerging PCa biomarkers have been evaluated or are being assessed for their potential use. There is increasing interest in the prospective use of extracellular vesicles as specific markers; it is well known that the content of vesicles is dependent on their cellular origin and is strongly related to the stimulus that triggers the release of the vesicles. Consequently, the identification of a disease-specific molecule (protein, lipid or RNA) associated with vesicles could facilitate their use as novel biological markers. The present review describes severalin vitrostudies that demonstrate the role of vesicles in PCa progression and severalin vivostudies that highlight the potential use of vesicles as PCa biomarkers.

PSA request analysis: how should this be interpreted? What may be overlooked / PSA istem analizi: Nasıl yorumlanmalı? Gözden kaçanlar nelerdir?

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Nur Ayyıldız ◽  
Abdullah Çırakoğlu ◽  
Ali Ayyıldız ◽  
Erdal Benli
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
National Level ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Biopsy Examination ◽  
Urology Clinic

AbstractObjective: Prostate specific antigen is widely used for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of prostate cancer. However, despite being organ-specific, PSA is not specific to cancer. As some patients with elevated PSA level have normal biopsy results and some others with low PSA levels have cancer diagnosed in biopsy examination, PSA creates diagnostic uncertainty both for clinicians and patients. Moreover, different PSA results received for the same subject at separate time points as well as smalllarge fluctuations in PSA levels perturb both sides. In a setting where there are so many unknowns we have PSA in our hands without any restrictions for ordering it. This study analyzed PSA orders, patient traffic, and economic burden within a 6-year period.Methods: The number of PSA tests and patient outcomes at a training and research hospital between October 2006 and May 2013 were evaluated.Results: Of 12107 tPSA orders, 73.6% were ordered by the urology clinic and 26.4% orders were made from other outpatient clinics. When patients at follow-up for prostate cancer are excluded because their tPSAs have to be more commonly checked, we detected that 28.22% of tests were ordered at intervals of less than 1 year. The average tPSA testing frequency was 91.84±1.21 days (0-330). The number of patients younger than 40 years who were tested for tPSA was 287. Of these, 25.43% were ordered by the urology clinic and the remaining by other medical branches.Conclusion: A state of chaos surrounds PSA order and interpretation. Neither patients nor physicians are aware of PSA-related outcomes. Therefore, each hospital should hold sessions on PSA testing and inform physicians about them. Furthermore, a detailed public education should be provided and seminars should be organized at the national level.

scholarly journals Study on Correlation between Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Various Prostatic Pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Nirajan Mainali ◽  
Niraj Nepal ◽  
Prabesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Jit Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Antigen Level ◽  
Prostatic Specific Antigen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Organ Specific

Introduction: Prostatic enlargement that may due to any cause may give rise to bladder outlet obstruction. Prostatic specific antigen is the enzyme that is responsible for liquefaction of semen within a few minutes after it has clotted. Prostatic specific antigen is a widely used tumor marker for prostatic cancer. Prostatic specific antigen levels in the blood go up if the barrier between the lining epithelium and the blood stream is damaged. This study was done to determine the correlation between serum Prostatic specific antigen level and histological diagnosis in prostatic biopsy.Material and Methods: This is a one year prospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Nobel Medical College from August 16, 2016 to August 15 2017. A total of 175 cases were included in the study. Patient Prostatic specific antigen level were noted and biopsy specimen was collected after operation. Histopathological examination was done and correlation between HPE diagnosis and serum Prostatic specific antigen level was done.Results: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia was the most common diagnosis that was encountered. Majority of the cases had a serum Prostatic specific antigen level less than 10 ng/ml. Serum Prostatic specific antigen level of more than 30 ng/ml was seen only in prostatic carcinoma.Conclusions: Serum Prostatic specific antigen is organ specific but not a disease for prostate. It can be used to monitor the carcinoma of the prostate rather than the diagnosis of the carcinoma.

scholarly journals Link between Organ-specific Antigen Processing by 20S Proteasomes and CD8+ T Cell–mediated Autoimmunity

2002 ◽  
Vol 195 (8) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Kuckelkorn ◽  
Thomas Ruppert ◽  
Britta Strehl ◽  
Peter R. Jungblut ◽  
Ursula Zimny-Arndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Organ Specific

Adoptive transfer of cross-reactive HSP60-specific CD8+ T cells into immunodeficient mice causes autoimmune intestinal pathology restricted to the small intestine. We wondered whether local immunopathology induced by CD8+ T cells can be explained by tissue-specific differences in proteasome-mediated processing of major histocompatibility complex class I T cell epitopes. Our experiments demonstrate that 20S proteasomes of different organs display a characteristic composition of α and β chain subunits and produce distinct peptide fragments with respect to both quality and quantity. Digests of HSP60 polypeptides by 20S proteasomes show most efficient generation of the pathology related CD8+ T cell epitope in the small intestine. Further, we demonstrate that the organ-specific potential to produce defined T cell epitopes reflects quantities that are relevant for cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition. We propose tissue-specific antigen processing by 20S proteasomes as a potential mechanism to control organ-specific immune responses.

New Cancer Markers

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cancer Markers ◽  
Clinical Point ◽  
Organ Specific

In recent years many new and improved cancer markers have become available. From a clinical point of view, the most useful of the new markers include CA 19–9 for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, CA 125 for epithelial ovarian cancer, CA 15–3 for breast cancer, prostate specific antigen for prostatic adenocarcinoma, placental alkaline phosphatase for testicular seminomas and neuron-specific enolase for small cell carcinoma of lung. None of these new markers are specific for cancer. Furthermore, none are organ specific, except prostate specific antigen for prostatic tissue. The main application of these markers is in monitoring patients with the specific malignancies indicated. Whether routine use of any of these new markers leads to higher quality of life or enhanced survival remains to be determined.

scholarly journals A Range of CD4 T Cell Tolerance: Partial Inactivation to Organ-Specific Antigen Allows Nondestructive Thyroiditis or Insulitis

Immunity ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Akkaraju ◽  
William Y Ho ◽  
Denise Leong ◽  
Karen Canaan ◽  
Mark M Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Tolerance ◽  
Cell Tolerance ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Partial Inactivation
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