scholarly journals Production of Diphtheria Toxin by the Submerged Culture Method

Nature ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 157 (3983) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
F. V. LINGGOOD
Keyword(s):  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Culture Method

Micro cell culture method for determination of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin titres using VERO cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuko Miyamura ◽  
Etsuko Tajiri ◽  
A. Ito ◽  
R. Murata ◽  
R. Kono
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Vero Cells

Preparation and properties of diphtheria toxoids in submerged culture. IV. A revised method for the purification of diphtheria toxin

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Robb ◽  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
M. J. Scholte
Keyword(s):  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Submerged Culture

The method for purifying diphtheria toxin has been improved.

scholarly journals Potential of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) waste for the production of vinegar through surface and submerged fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tumisi J. Molelekoa ◽  
Thierry Regnier ◽  
Laura S. da Silva ◽  
Wilma A. Augustyn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Culture Techniques

Although there is an abundance of indigenous fruits in South Africa, knowledge of their potential uses is mainly restricted to within communities. In this study, marula fruit-processing waste by-products (fruit pulp residue and skin) were used as substrates in surface culture and submerged fermentation methods to produce vinegar (acetic acid) using spontaneous and starter culture techniques. The study revealed the possibility of producing vinegar through both methods of fermentation, with yields of acetic acid ranging between 41 000 mg/L and 57 000 mg/L (surface culture method) and between 41 000 and 54 000 mg/L (submerged culture method). Furthermore, the physicochemical property analyses revealed marula vinegar to be a potential source of bioactive compounds (total phenolics 0.289–0.356 mg/L GAE and total flavonoids 0.146–0.153 mg/L CAE) which displayed a potent antiradical activity against DPPH•: 78.85% for surface culture and 73.03% submerged culture, respectively. The sensory panel recommended application of the vinegar in products such as salad dressing and mayonnaise. Finally, we have demonstrated that the surface culture method using the inoculation technique is more suitable for the production of high-quality vinegar, with possible consideration for commercialisation. Significance: Marula fruit has high economic importance for South Africa, particularly for the Limpopo Province. Marula waste can be a source of bioactive compounds, yet comparatively little is reported on the potential use of the waste to produce vinegar. Self-development of communities through viable and easy to produce commodities from marula fruit needs to be implemented and prioritised in the Limpopo Province.

scholarly journals Determination the optimum condition for production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) from a local isolate of staphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Hala Abd- Alkariem Rasheed ◽  
Ghazi Munim Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Initial Ph

Thirty three isolates classified as Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 183 different samples that included wounds, burns, boils, abscesses, ear, nose, vaginal swabs, blood, urine samples, sputum, seminal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid. The ability of these isolates to produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) was tested by using submerged culture. It has been found that the isolate S.aureus HM86 has the highest productivity of the enzyme. The optimal condition for SOD enzyme production from the isolate S.aureus HM86 by the submerged culture method were determined using (0.5 %) Mannose as carbon source and peptone (0.5%) and pancreatic digest of casein (2%) as nitrogen sources with initial pH of 7 after 12 hours of incubation at 37oC, in shaker incubator at 150 rpm and with aeration ratio (1: 6.6). It has been found that the best method for enzyme extraction is by using ultrasonication for 15 min, the optimal time for addition of paraquat at concentration of 0.5 mM is after 6 and 8 hours of growth.

scholarly journals Submerged Culture Production of Diphtheria Toxin

Nature ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 174 (4429) ◽  
pp. 557-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. LINGGOOD ◽  
A. C. MATTHEWS ◽  
S. PINFIELD ◽  
C. G. POPE ◽  
T. R. SHARLAND
Keyword(s):  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Culture Production

scholarly journals Production of Diphtheria Toxin in Submerged Culture

Nature ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 176 (4493) ◽  
pp. 1128-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. LINGGOOD ◽  
A. C. MATTHEWS ◽  
S. PINFIELD ◽  
C. G. POPE ◽  
T. R. SHARLAND
Keyword(s):  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Submerged Culture

Micro cell culture method for determination of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin titres using VERO cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuko Miyamura ◽  
Shigeko Nishio ◽  
A. Ito ◽  
R. Murata ◽  
R. Kono
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Vero Cells

Automated cell counting of astrocytes on patterned substrates containing aliphatic and charged properties

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
W. Shain ◽  
H. Ancin ◽  
H.C. Craighead ◽  
M. Isaacson ◽  
L. Kam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Wafer Test ◽  
Cell Densities

Neural protheses have potential to restore nervous system functions lost by trauma or disease. Nanofabrication extends this approach to implants for stimulating and recording from single or small groups of neurons in the spinal cord and brain; however, tissue compatibility is a major limitation to their practical application. We are using a cell culture method for quantitatively measuring cell attachment to surfaces designed for nanofabricated neural prostheses.Silicon wafer test surfaces composed of 50-μm bars separated by aliphatic regions were fabricated using methods similar to a procedure described by Kleinfeld et al. Test surfaces contained either a single or double positive charge/residue. Cyanine dyes (diIC18(3)) stained the background and cell membranes (Fig 1); however, identification of individual cells at higher densities was difficult (Fig 2). Nuclear staining with acriflavine allowed discrimination of individual cells and permitted automated counting of nuclei using 3-D data sets from the confocal microscope (Fig 3). For cell attachment assays, LRM5 5 astroglial cells and astrocytes in primary cell culture were plated at increasing cell densities on test substrates, incubated for 24 hr, fixed, stained, mounted on coverslips, and imaged with a 10x objective.

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