'Marsh Spot' in Beans

Nature ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 155 (3923) ◽  
pp. 22-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC J. HEWITT
Keyword(s):  
Marsh Spot

Control of manganese deficiency in field peas grown for seed or human consumption

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
C. M. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Manganese Carbonate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Marsh Spot

SUMMARYThe effect of foliar applications of different formulations of manganese on pea yield and ‘marsh spot’, a seed defect which reduces quality of peas (Pisum sativum) grown for human consumption or seed was evaluated in nine experiments in the East of England from 1992 to 1994. Sprays, at dose rates recommended by the manufacturer, were applied to field peas, cvs Maro or Bunting, on three occasions at the four node pea growth stage, first pod and 14 days later, or on two occasions at first pod stage and 14 days later. Although the sites selected had a previous history of marsh spot in pea crops, there were no visual foliar symptoms of manganese deficiency in peas grown in any year at any site. Applications of manganese did not increase yields compared with untreated peas and there was no effect on maturity. Marsh spot was negligible in untreated peas at sites where soils had the lowest levels of manganese (22 and 44 mg/kg), thus soil analysis for manganese may be inappropriate as a guide to prediction of marsh spot problems. The three spray programmes, which included an early application of manganese at the 4–5 node stage, gave no statistically significant improvements in marsh spot control. There was a good correlation between amounts of manganese applied and reductions in marsh spot, and manganese sulphate, 31% w/w at 3·1 kg/ha applied as a split dose, achieved the best control. An exception was the manganese carbonate 50% w/v formulation which may have been poorly assimilated by the plant. Chelated manganese as MnEDTA 6·4% w/v at the rates recommended by the manufacturer was inadequate for control of marsh spot in all years.

scholarly journals Evaluation of glassy frits as micronutrient fertilizers. II. Manganese frits.

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
C.H. Henkens ◽  
K.W. Smilde
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Marsh Spot ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Better Than

In pot and field tests MnSO4 and the frits FTE Z 4 (13 % Mn), HZ 1 (15.9 % Mn) and HZ 17 (21 % Mn) increased reducible soil Mn for at least 1 1/2-2 years. Mn content of pasture increased four-fold in the first cut after application of 400 kg/ha MnSO4 but sharply decreased in later cuts and became negligible by the second year. 400 kg/ha HZ 17 did not affect pasture Mn. In peas 400 kg of soil- or foliar applied MnSO4 controlled marsh spot better than 800 kg HZ 1; spraying at the middle and again at the end of the blooming stage gave the best control. With sugar beet, soil dressings of MnSO4, HZ 1 and HZ 17 equally increased yield, sugar production and leaf Mn, and decreased incidence of Mn deficiency. When the rates of these fertilizers were increased from 100, 179 and 86 kg respectively to 400, 714 and 343 kg, sugar production was not significantly improved; leaf Mn and incidence of deficiency symptoms responded to the higher Mn rates. Soil application was rather better than foliar treatment. No treatment controlled Mn deficiency throughout the entire season. The % of Mn-deficient plants was related, negatively, to leaf and reducible soil Mn, but not to yield. Soil-applied Mn did not control gray spot in oats or increase yields but sprayed Mn did. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Correction of iron deficiency in peas by foliar sprays

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Seeliger ◽  
DE Moss
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Black Clay ◽  
Marsh Spot ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Iron Sulphate

A severe iron deficiency in peas grown on grey to black clay loam soil overlying limestone (rendzina) was successfully ameliorated by foliar application of ferrous sulphate. Two applications, three weeks apart, increased the fresh weight of peas harvested by more than 100 per cent (P < 0.001). The two sprays also increased the numbers of pods, dry weight of the pods, fresh weight per pea and maturity of the peas (all P < 0.001), and herbage yield (P < 0.01). One application of iron sulphate was insufficient to arrest completely the symptoms of iron deficiency. The peas did not show vegetative or marsh spot symptoms of manganese deficiency, and there were no significant changes in measurements to manganese sprays.

scholarly journals Marsh Spot Disease and Its Causal Factor, Manganese Deficiency in Plants: A Historical and Prospective Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 928-948
Author(s):  
Bosen Jia ◽  
Penner Waldo ◽  
Robert Lorne Conner ◽  
Ismael Moumen ◽  
Nadeem Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Factor ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Marsh Spot

scholarly journals Inheritance of marsh spot disease resistance in cranberry common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bosen Jia ◽  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
Nadeem Khan ◽  
Anfu Hou ◽  
Xuhua Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Marsh Spot

Marsh spot of peas: a manganese deficiency disease

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Disease ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Marsh Spot ◽  
Partial Deficiency ◽  
Healthy Seed

By growing peas in water cultures with carefully regulated amounts of manganese, the effects of a deficiency of this element have been studied.Complete absence of manganese produces a mottling of the younger leaves and death of the growing tip as previously reported. The plant does not reach the flowering stage.Small amounts of manganese, insufficient for normal requirements, enable increased growth and seed formation. The seeds show marsh spot lesions, the severity of the lesions being greater at the lower manganese concentrations.Normal growth and sound seed are produced when sufficient manganese is present in the nutrient solution.Marsh spot results from a partial deficiency of manganese, the amount available to the plant being sufficient for its normal vegetative requirements but not for healthy seed production.

Distribution of manganese in the pea seed in relation to marsh spot

1940 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Glasscock ◽  
R. L. Wain
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Necrotic Tissue ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Marsh Spot ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Healthy Sample ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Healthy Seed

1. An outline of recent investigations on the cause of marsh spot in pea seeds indicates that the disease is caused by a deficiency of available manganese in the soil.2. The symptoms of the disease are very briefly described.3. The methods of analysis used by the writers for determining the amounts of manganese in whole peas and in different parts of peas are described.4. As no loss of manganese was found to result from soaking the peas in water for 24 hr., soaked peas were used for dissection in preference to dry peas.5. Referring to the diseased peas, the highest level of manganese was found in the peripheral tissues of the cotyledons, followed by the germ and seed-coat. Only slight traces of manganese were found in the healthy and in the necrotic tissue from the centre of the cotyledons. All parts of the healthy seed were richer in manganese than the corresponding parts of the diseased sample. In addition, the order of distribution was different; notably in that the tissue from the centre of the cotyledon contained a higher level than the seed-coat, and the germ a higher level than the outer layers of the cotyledon.6. A given weight of small peas proved to contain less manganese than the same weight of large peas selected from the diseased sample. The reverse was found to be true for similar size groups selected from the healthy sample. These differences in the manganese content of size groups suggest that peas of uniform size should be selected for analysis when the relative manganese levels of different samples are to be tested.7. It is suggested that migration of cell contents from the necrotic tissue of diseased peas may partly account for the differences in manganese content of healthy and diseased peas.

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