scholarly journals Covert signaling is an adaptive communication strategy in diverse populations.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Smaldino ◽  
Matthew A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Adaptive Communication

scholarly journals Covert signaling is an adaptive communication strategy in diverse populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Smaldino ◽  
Matthew Adam Turner
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Adaptive Communication ◽  
Social Assortment ◽  
Maintenance Of Diversity ◽  
Common Components

Identity signals are those common components of communication transmissions that inform receivers of the signaler’s membership (or non-membership) in a subset of individuals. Such signals may be overt, broadcast to all possible receivers, or covert, encrypted so that only similar receivers are likely to perceive their identity-relevant meaning. Here we present an instrumental theory of covert signaling, based on the function of identity signals in social assortment. We argue that covert signaling is favored when signalers are generous toward strangers, when costs of being discovered as dissimilar are high, and when the ability to assort only with preferred partners is restricted. We further argue that covert signaling should be more common among members of "invisible" minorities, who are less likely to encounter similar individuals by chance. We formalize this theory with an evolutionary model to more rigorously explore the consequences of our assumptions. Our results have implications for our understanding of numerous aspects of social life, including communication, cooperation, social identity, humor, pragmatics, politics, hate speech, and the maintenance of diversity.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Communication-Efficient Federated Learning to Resist Gradient-Based Reconstruction Attacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yanbin Li ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Huanliang Xu ◽  
Shougang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Adaptive Communication ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Iot Devices

The widely deployed devices in Internet of Things (IoT) have opened up a large amount of IoT data. Recently, federated learning emerges as a promising solution aiming to protect user privacy on IoT devices by training a globally shared model. However, the devices in the complex IoT environments pose great challenge to federate learning, which is vulnerable to gradient-based reconstruction attacks. In this paper, we discuss the relationships between the security of federated learning model and optimization technologies of decreasing communication overhead comprehensively. To promote the efficiency and security, we propose a defence strategy of federated learning which is suitable to resource-constrained IoT devices. The adaptive communication strategy is to adjust the frequency and parameter compression by analysing the training loss to ensure the security of the model. The experiments show the efficiency of our proposed method to decrease communication overhead, while preventing privacy data leakage.

scholarly journals A self-adaptive communication strategy for flocking in stationary and non-stationary environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseo Ferrante ◽  
Ali Emre Turgut ◽  
Alessandro Stranieri ◽  
Carlo Pinciroli ◽  
Mauro Birattari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Adaptive Communication ◽  
Self Adaptive

Advisory and Adaptive Communication Improves Trust in Autonomous Vehicle and Pedestrian Interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjuan She
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Adaptive Communication ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

Abstract Autonomous vehicle (AV) is considered to be a significant part of the future of the automotive industry, with advantages such as higher transportation safety, less greenhouse gas emission, and wider transportation accessibility. However, the fruit of this technology cannot meet with much success in the market without an appropriate level of human trust, which might lead to refusing to adopt it, or using it in a wrong way. Therefore, except for improving safety of the technology itself, interactions between AV and human around it, such as pedestrians, are also paramount, especially effective communication. It is expected that certain communication could improve trust, and enable people to respond and act towards it accurately. This paper conducted a preliminary online study for a proof of concept that communication style (informative, advisory, and commanding) and communication strategy (single communication, adaptive communication) could affect pedestrian crossing decision process. The results demonstrate that advisory style improves trust in AVs when a Cross decision is expected by AVs, while both commanding and advisory styles improve trust in AVs when a Not Cross decision is expected by AVs. In addition, adaptive communication strategy improves trust significantly when AVs expect pedestrians to cross. This study helps understanding the communication between AV and pedestrians and is instrumental in developing more advanced AV communication mechanisms.

Dynamic Adaptive Communication Strategy for Fully Immersive, Interactive and Collaborative Virtual Reality Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 771-783
Author(s):  
Adjeryan Cartaxo Freitas ◽  
Diego Roberto Colombo Dias ◽  
Alexandre Fonseca Brandão ◽  
Rita de Fátima Rodrigues Guimarães ◽  
Marcelo de Paiva Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Adaptive Communication ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Reality

Shaping Pedestrians’ Trust in Autonomous Vehicles: An Effect of Communication Style, Speed Information, and Adaptive Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjuan She ◽  
Jack Neuhoff ◽  
Qingcong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Adaptive Communication ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
Design Characteristics

Abstract Compared with conventional vehicles, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are featured by increased energy efficiency and road safety, yet hardly meet with much success without enough human trust. Designing appropriate interactions between AV and human, such as communication with pedestrians, could help enhance trust and public acceptance. In this work, we examine design characteristics of AV interface, including communication style, explicit display of vehicle speed, and adaptive strategy, and study their effects on pedestrians’ trust behaviors. It is found that any communication style could improve pedestrians’ trust in AV and decision alignment with AV expectations. Among the three communication styles, commanding and advisory are significantly better than informative, in terms of trust improvement (commanding versus informative: t = 3.61 and p < 0.001; advisory versus informative: t = 2.78, p = 0.005) and decision alignment ((a) in expected cross scenarios, commanding versus informative: t = 0.35 and p < 0.001; advisory versus informative: t = 11.71, p < 0.001; (b) in expected not cross scenarios, commanding versus informative: t = −7.61, p < 0.001; advisory versus informative: t = −6.40, p < 0.001). Adding speed information on top of explicit message communication does not change the relative effectiveness of individual styles, even though the display of speed-only information has significantly improved both measures (trust: F = 9.39 and p = 0.002; decision: F = 6.04 and p = 0.015). In addition, applying an adaptive communication strategy when yielding would significantly improve pedestrians’ trust (t = 9.33 and p < 0.001) and decision alignment (t = 14.78 and p < 0.001). This study demonstrates the influence of design characteristics on the formation of trust relationships between pedestrians and autonomous vehicles and paves the ways for developing more advanced AV communication mechanisms.

Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations: Serving GLBT Families in Our Schools

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Willingness To Disclose ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Societal Changes

Abstract School speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are increasingly likely to serve children of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) parents or GLBT students as cultural and societal changes create growth in the population and increased willingness to disclose sexual orientation. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) has a progressive nondiscrimination statement that includes sexual orientation as a protected status and strongly urges the membership to develop cultural competence as a matter of ethical service delivery. The purpose of this article is to describe cultural competence in relation to GLBT culture, discuss GLBT parent and student cultural issues as they are important in parent-school or student-school relations, and to provide suggestions for increasing sensitivity in these types of interactions. A list of resources is provided.

Using Binding Communication to Promote Conservation Among Hotel Guests

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lohyd Terrier ◽  
Benedicte Marfaing
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Classical Communication ◽  
Persuasive Message ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This research applies the binding communication model to the sustainable communication strategies implemented in most hotels. The binding communication model links a persuasive message with the implementation of a low-cost commitment to strengthen the link between the attitudes and behavior of those receiving the message. We compared the effectiveness of a classical communication strategy (n = 86) with that of a binding communication strategy (n = 101) to encourage guests to choose sustainable behavior. Our results show that using the binding communication strategy generates significantly more sustainable behavior in guests than using the classical communication strategy. We discuss our results and suggest future avenues of research.

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