Shaping Pedestrians’ Trust in Autonomous Vehicles: An Effect of Communication Style, Speed Information, and Adaptive Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjuan She ◽  
Jack Neuhoff ◽  
Qingcong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Adaptive Communication ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
Design Characteristics

Abstract Compared with conventional vehicles, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are featured by increased energy efficiency and road safety, yet hardly meet with much success without enough human trust. Designing appropriate interactions between AV and human, such as communication with pedestrians, could help enhance trust and public acceptance. In this work, we examine design characteristics of AV interface, including communication style, explicit display of vehicle speed, and adaptive strategy, and study their effects on pedestrians’ trust behaviors. It is found that any communication style could improve pedestrians’ trust in AV and decision alignment with AV expectations. Among the three communication styles, commanding and advisory are significantly better than informative, in terms of trust improvement (commanding versus informative: t = 3.61 and p < 0.001; advisory versus informative: t = 2.78, p = 0.005) and decision alignment ((a) in expected cross scenarios, commanding versus informative: t = 0.35 and p < 0.001; advisory versus informative: t = 11.71, p < 0.001; (b) in expected not cross scenarios, commanding versus informative: t = −7.61, p < 0.001; advisory versus informative: t = −6.40, p < 0.001). Adding speed information on top of explicit message communication does not change the relative effectiveness of individual styles, even though the display of speed-only information has significantly improved both measures (trust: F = 9.39 and p = 0.002; decision: F = 6.04 and p = 0.015). In addition, applying an adaptive communication strategy when yielding would significantly improve pedestrians’ trust (t = 9.33 and p < 0.001) and decision alignment (t = 14.78 and p < 0.001). This study demonstrates the influence of design characteristics on the formation of trust relationships between pedestrians and autonomous vehicles and paves the ways for developing more advanced AV communication mechanisms.

Advisory and Adaptive Communication Improves Trust in Autonomous Vehicle and Pedestrian Interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjuan She
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Adaptive Communication ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

Abstract Autonomous vehicle (AV) is considered to be a significant part of the future of the automotive industry, with advantages such as higher transportation safety, less greenhouse gas emission, and wider transportation accessibility. However, the fruit of this technology cannot meet with much success in the market without an appropriate level of human trust, which might lead to refusing to adopt it, or using it in a wrong way. Therefore, except for improving safety of the technology itself, interactions between AV and human around it, such as pedestrians, are also paramount, especially effective communication. It is expected that certain communication could improve trust, and enable people to respond and act towards it accurately. This paper conducted a preliminary online study for a proof of concept that communication style (informative, advisory, and commanding) and communication strategy (single communication, adaptive communication) could affect pedestrian crossing decision process. The results demonstrate that advisory style improves trust in AVs when a Cross decision is expected by AVs, while both commanding and advisory styles improve trust in AVs when a Not Cross decision is expected by AVs. In addition, adaptive communication strategy improves trust significantly when AVs expect pedestrians to cross. This study helps understanding the communication between AV and pedestrians and is instrumental in developing more advanced AV communication mechanisms.

scholarly journals Call them COVIDiots: Exploring the effects of aggressive communication style and psychological distance in the communication of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252198919
Author(s):  
Haoran Chu ◽  
Shupei Yuan ◽  
Sixiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Norm ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aggressive Communication ◽  
Close Distance

This study examined the influences of perceived distance to communicator on the effects of aggressive style (i.e. personal attacks and intense languages) in communicating scientific issues such as COVID-19 to the public. With a multi-site experiment ( N = 464), we found that aggression led to a heightened violation of expected social norm regarding communication styles. However, the interpretation of violation varied depending on the individual’s perceived distance to the communicator. Close distance articulated the urgency and severity of COVID-19 risks conveyed with aggression, which further increased compliance with the message. Far distance perception amplified aggression’s negative influence on writer likeability. The findings showed that aggressive communication may generate positive outcomes when dealing with public understanding of scientific issues such as COVID-19, but communicators need to build a closer connection with their audience.

Prediction of Vehicular Traffic Flow using Levenberg-Marquardt Artificial Neural Network Model: Italy Road Transportation System

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. E74-E86
Author(s):  
Isaac Oyeyemi Olayode ◽  
Alessandro Severino ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Lagouge Kwanda Tartibu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Artificial Neural

In the last decades, the Italian road transport system has been characterized by severe and consistent traffic congestion and in particular Rome is one of the Italian cities most affected by this problem. In this study, a LevenbergMarquardt (LM) artificial neural network heuristic model was used to predict the traffic flow of non-autonomous vehicles. Traffic datasets were collected using both inductive loop detectors and video cameras as acquisition systems and selecting some parameters including vehicle speed, time of day, traffic volume and number of vehicles. The model showed a training, test and regression value (R2) of 0.99892, 0.99615 and 0.99714 respectively. The results of this research add to the growing body of literature on traffic flow modelling and help urban planners and traffic managers in terms of the traffic control and the provision of convenient travel routes for pedestrians and motorists.

scholarly journals Gaya Komunikasi Sales Promotion Girl Suzuya Mall Bireuen

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Sitti Thursina ◽  
Anismar Anismar ◽  
Ratri Candrasari
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of this study is to describe verbal and nonverbal communication styles as well as obstacles in the communication process carried out by SPG. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are passive participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants were determined using a purposive technique. Data analysis was carried out through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The results of this study indicate that the communication style used by SPGs is more dominated by nonverbal communication such as showing friendly facial expressions, eye contact with consumers, ideal body posture, matching clothes and make-up, managing physical closeness with consumers, and using time as good as possible. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah mendiskripsikan gaya komunikasi verbal dan nonverbal serta hambatan-hambatan dalam proses komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh seorang SPG. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi partisipan pasif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Cara penentuan informan menggunakan teknik purposive. Dalam menganalisis data peneliti melalui beberapa tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan, dan verifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gaya komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh para SPG lebih didominasi oleh komunikasi nonverbal seperti menunjukkan ekspresi wajah yang ramah, kontak mata dengan konsumen, postur tubuh yang ideal, pakaian dan riasan yang senada, mengatur kedekatan fisik dengan konsumen, dan penggunaan waktu sebaik mungkin.

scholarly journals Rhetorical questions as aggressive, friendly or sarcastic/ironical questions with imposed answers

ExELL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Džemal Špago
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rhetorical Questions

AbstractRhetorical questions (RQs), as a cross-breed of questions and statements, represent an effective tool in putting forward the Speaker’s ideas, as well as influencing the ideas and opinions of other people. Because of their communicative effectiveness and multifunctionality, they are frequently used in different contexts and for different purposes, and, as such, they represent an interesting topic for further research. The aim of this paper is threefold: (i) to explore the nature of the implied answer to RQs, (ii) to offer a classification of RQs based on the Speaker’s communication style, and (iii) to examine whether (or to what extent) the Speaker-Addressee relationship (peer-to-peer, superior-to-inferior, inferior-to-superior) influences the selection and frequency of use of different types of RQs. Using Stalnaker’s (2002) model of Common Ground and Caponigro and Sprouse’s (2007) concepts of Speaker’s and Addressee’s Beliefs, the author redefines the nature of the answers implied by RQs, claiming that they are imposed on the Addressee rather than mutually recognized as obvious. Based on the model of communication styles as defined by Yuan et al. (2018), RQs are classified into aggressive, friendly and sarcastic/ironical questions with imposed answers. The analysis of the corpus, which consisted of 275 RQs taken from ten American movie scripts, showed that friendly RQs are more common than the other two types, and that, in instances where one of the interlocutors is in a superior position, superior-to-inferior RQs are by far more common than vice versa. The finding that RQs asked by inferiors make up less than a third of RQs occurring between interlocutors with different social standing is in line with the view that answers to RQs are imposed on Addressees.

scholarly journals Platooning of Autonomous Public Transport Vehicles: The Influence of Ride Comfort on Travel Delay

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teron Nguyen ◽  
Meng Xie ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Nimal Arunachalam ◽  
Andreas Rau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
System Delay ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Travel Delay

The development of advanced technologies has led to the emergence of autonomous vehicles. Herein, autonomous public transport (APT) systems equipped with prioritization measures are being designed to operate at ever faster speeds compared to conventional buses. Innovative APT systems are configured to accommodate prevailing passenger demand for peak as well as non-peak periods, by electronic coupling and decoupling of platooned units along travel corridors, such as the dynamic autonomous road transit (DART) system being researched in Singapore. However, there is always the trade-off between high vehicle speed versus passenger ride comfort, especially lateral ride comfort. This study analyses a new APT system within the urban context and evaluates its performance using microscopic traffic simulation. The platooning protocol of autonomous vehicles was first developed for simulating the coupling/decoupling process. Platooning performance was then simulated on VISSIM platform for various scenarios to compare the performance of DART platooning under several ride comfort levels: three bus comfort and two railway criteria. The study revealed that it is feasible to operate the DART system following the bus standing comfort criterion (ay = 1.5 m/s2) without any significant impact on system travel time. For the DART system operating to maintain a ride comfort of the high-speed train (HST) and light rail transit (LRT), the delay can constitute up to ≈ 10% and ≈ 5% of travel time, respectively. This investigation is crucial for the system delay management towards precisely designed service frequency and improved passenger ride comfort.

What to say on social media and how

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 691-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao Wu ◽  
Junsong Chen ◽  
Honghui Chen ◽  
Wenyu Dou ◽  
Dan Shao
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Building Community

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how nonprofit service providers can better engage their customers through online communication. It identifies two communication styles and three communication functions, and examines their impact on customer commenting, customer liking and customer sharing. Design/methodology/approach Similar to Python for Facebook, a software package for the automatic retrieval of web page content was developed specifically for this study to extract data from the microblog Sina Weibo. Following the successful retrieval of 1,500 randomly selected messages from 34 universities in China, a two-level regression was performed using Mplus 7 to examine the association between the proposed relationships. Findings The findings reveal that messages with a friendly communication style increase both the number of comments and their positive tone; an authoritative style has no effect on customer engagement. The functions associated with message content (spreading information, building community or promoting action) influence customer liking and sharing. Building community tends to engage more customers than spreading information; promoting action often generates the least customer engagement in social media settings. Originality/value The study fills an important research gap in the service marketing literature as it pertains to nonprofit service organizations (i.e. universities) by identifying two types of online identities based on the communication style and the messages posted on social media. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between identity type and audience engagement, and to analyze the moderating factors of this relationship.

How Do You “Like” My Style? Examining How Communication Style Influences Facebook Behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Hodge ◽  
Joseph A. Pederson ◽  
Matthew Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
User Attitudes

Given the increasing popularity of social-networking sites, it is extremely important for brand managers involved with Internet-based communication platforms to evaluate whether their communication strategies are positively influencing user attitudes and behaviors toward their brands. This article aims to address this need by investigating how sports fans respond to various marketing communication styles via Facebook posts. Using a case-manipulation design, this study empirically examines the relation among communication styles and individual willingness to engage in 4 common Facebook behaviors (i.e., “comment,” “like,” “share,” and “RSVP”). The results indicate that a personal communication style enhanced individual willingness to “comment” on Facebook posts, while the colorful style enhanced individual willingness to “like” and “RSVP” to Facebook events.

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