When men perceive anti-male bias: Status-legitimizing beliefs increase discrimination against women.

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara L. Wilkins ◽  
Joseph D. Wellman ◽  
Erika L. Flavin ◽  
Juliana A. Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Male Bias ◽  
Legitimizing Beliefs

scholarly journals The contribution of X-linked coding variation to severe developmental disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary C. Martin ◽  
◽  
Eugene J. Gardner ◽  
Kaitlin E. Samocha ◽  
Joanna Kaplanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Male Bias ◽  
Missense Variants ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractOver 130 X-linked genes have been robustly associated with developmental disorders, and X-linked causes have been hypothesised to underlie the higher developmental disorder rates in males. Here, we evaluate the burden of X-linked coding variation in 11,044 developmental disorder patients, and find a similar rate of X-linked causes in males and females (6.0% and 6.9%, respectively), indicating that such variants do not account for the 1.4-fold male bias. We develop an improved strategy to detect X-linked developmental disorders and identify 23 significant genes, all of which were previously known, consistent with our inference that the vast majority of the X-linked burden is in known developmental disorder-associated genes. Importantly, we estimate that, in male probands, only 13% of inherited rare missense variants in known developmental disorder-associated genes are likely to be pathogenic. Our results demonstrate that statistical analysis of large datasets can refine our understanding of modes of inheritance for individual X-linked disorders.

Elevated Temperature Applied during Gonadal Transformation Leads to Male Bias in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Abozaid ◽  
S. Wessels ◽  
G. Hörstgen-Schwark
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Male Bias

scholarly journals Reducing a Male Bias in Language? Establishing the Efficiency of Three Different Gender-Fair Language Strategies

Sex Roles ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lindqvist ◽  
Emma Aurora Renström ◽  
Marie Gustafsson Sendén
Keyword(s):  
Male Bias ◽  
Language Strategies

scholarly journals Replication of Wilkins & Kaiser (2014)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarret Crawford ◽  
Shreya Vodapalli ◽  
Ryan Stingel ◽  
John Ruscio
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Legitimizing Beliefs ◽  
Racial Progress ◽  
Research Studies

In three studies, Wilkins and Kaiser (2014) found that both chronic and experimental salience of racial progress increased perceptions of anti-White bias only among people high in status-legitimizing beliefs (SLBs). We conducted four preregistered high-powered replications of this research. Studies 1, 2, and 3a were close replications of Studies 1 – 3, respectively. Study 3b was a close replication that included an additional experimental condition. Contrary to the original findings, none of the four expected interaction effects tested were statistically significant in the predicted direction, and only one of the four survived a “small telescopes” analysis. We provide additional tests addressing whether changing social contexts explain our failures to replicate, with mixed conclusions.

scholarly journals The male bias of a masculine generic pronoun: Evidence from eye-tracking and sentence evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Redl ◽  
Stefan L. Frank ◽  
Peter de Swart ◽  
Helen de Hoop
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Possessive Pronoun ◽  
Male Bias ◽  
Gender Information

Two experiments tested whether the Dutch possessive pronoun zijn ‘his’ gives rise to a gender inference and thus causes a male bias when used generically in sentences such as Everyone was putting on his shoes. Experiment 1 (N = 120, 48 male) was a conceptual replication of a previous eye-tracking study that had not found evidence of a male bias. The results of the current eye-tracking experiment showed the masculine generic pronoun to trigger a gender inference and cause a male bias, but for male participants and in neutral stereotype contexts only. No evidence for a male bias was thus found in stereotypically female and male contexts and for female participants altogether. Experiment 2 (N = 80, 40 male) used the same stimuli as Experiment 1, but employed the sentence evaluation paradigm. No evidence of a male bias was found in Experiment 2. Taken together, the results suggest that the masculine generic pronoun zijn ‘his’ can cause a male bias for male participants when no other gender information is provided, but only surfaces with a method such as eye-tracking, which taps directly into automatic language processing. Furthermore, the results suggest that the intended generic reading of the masculine possessive pronoun zijn ‘his’ is readily available for women.

scholarly journals Increased male bias in eider ducks can be explained by sex-specific survival of prime-age breeders

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0195415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Ramula ◽  
Markus Öst ◽  
Andreas Lindén ◽  
Patrik Karell ◽  
Mikael Kilpi
Keyword(s):  
Male Bias

scholarly journals Deletion of STAT5a/b in Vascular Smooth Muscle Abrogates the Male Bias in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice: Implications in the Human Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Ming Yang ◽  
Huijuan Yuan ◽  
John G. Edwards ◽  
Yester Skayian ◽  
Kanta Ochani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Male Bias
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