Can contingently imitating vocal response increase the frequency of vocal responses?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Jamie Calise ◽  
Joseph Cautilli ◽  
Robert Galino
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Response ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Response Increase

Maternal Accommodation in Infant-Directed Speech during Mother's and Twin-Infants' Vocal Interactions

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuko Niwano ◽  
Kuniaki Sugai
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Fraternal Twin ◽  
Maternal Speech ◽  
Vocal Interactions ◽  
Vocal Fundamental Frequency ◽  
At Home

In this study a mother's instinctive accommodations of vocal fundamental frequency (f0) of infant-directed speech to two different infants was explored. Maternal speech directed to individual 3-mo.-old fraternal twin-infants was subjected to acoustic analysis. Natural samples of infant-directed speech were recorded at home. There were differences in the rate of infants' vocal responses. The mother changed her f0 and patterns of intonation contour when she spoke to each infant. When she spoke to the infant whose vocal response was less frequent than the other infant, she used a higher mean f0 and a rising intonation contour more than when she spoke to the other infant. The result suggested that the mother's speech characteristic is not inflexible and that the mother may use a higher f0 and rising contour as a strategy to elicit an infant's less frequent vocal response.

scholarly journals Suffixation influences receivers' behaviour in non-human primates

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20150265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Coye ◽  
Karim Ouattara ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler ◽  
Alban Lemasson
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Response ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Primate Communication ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Cercopithecus Diana ◽  
Cercopithecus Campbelli ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Mixed Species Groups

Compared to humans, non-human primates have very little control over their vocal production. Nonetheless, some primates produce various call combinations, which may partially offset their lack of acoustic flexibility. A relevant example is male Campbell's monkeys ( Cercopithecus campbelli ), which give one call type (‘Krak’) to leopards, while the suffixed version of the same call stem (‘Krak-oo’) is given to unspecific danger. To test whether recipients attend to this suffixation pattern, we carried out a playback experiment in which we broadcast naturally and artificially modified suffixed and unsuffixed ‘Krak’ calls of male Campbell's monkeys to 42 wild groups of Diana monkeys ( Cercopithecus diana diana ). The two species form mixed-species groups and respond to each other's vocalizations. We analysed the vocal response of male and female Diana monkeys and overall found significantly stronger vocal responses to unsuffixed (leopard) than suffixed (unspecific danger) calls. Although the acoustic structure of the ‘Krak’ stem of the calls has some additional effects, subject responses were mainly determined by the presence or the absence of the suffix. This study indicates that suffixation is an evolved function in primate communication in contexts where adaptive responses are particularly important.

scholarly journals Constraints on vocal production learning in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Michael S. Osmanski ◽  
Yoshimasa Seki ◽  
Robert J. Dooling
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Contact Call ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
Contact Calls ◽  
High Degree

AbstractBudgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) are small Australian parrots with a well-documented, learned vocal repertoire and a high degree of vocal production learning. These birds live in large, social flocks and they vocally interact with each other in a dynamic, reciprocal manner. We assume that budgerigars must process and integrate a wide variety of sensory stimuli when selecting appropriate vocal responses to conspecifics during vocal interactions, but the relative contributions of these different stimuli to that process are next to impossible to tease apart in a natural context. Here we show that budgerigars, under operant control, can learn to respond to specific stimuli with a specific vocal response. Budgerigars were trained to produce contact calls to a combination of auditory and visual cues. Birds learned to produce specific contact calls to stimuli that differed either in location (visual or auditory) or quality (visual). Interestingly, the birds could not learn to associate different vocal responses with different auditory stimuli coming from the same location. Surprisingly, this was so even when the auditory stimuli and the responses were the same (i.e., the bird’s own contact call). These results show that even in a highly controlled operant context, acoustic cues alone were not sufficient to support vocal production learning in budgerigars. From a different perspective, these results highlight the significant role that social interaction likely plays in vocal production learning so elegantly shown by Irene Pepperberg’s work in parrots.

Neurophysiological Studies on Echolocation Systems in Awake Bats Producing CF-FM Orientation Sounds

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-399
Author(s):  
N. SUGA ◽  
J. A. SIMMONS ◽  
T. SHIMOZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Neural Inhibition ◽  
Central Grey Matter

1. The bats Pteronotus parnellii, P. suapurensis and Noctilio leporinus emit orientation sounds first containing a constant-frequency (CF) and then a frequency-modulated (FM) component. 2. P. parnellii produced a long CF with a second harmonic at 62 kHz to which its auditory system was sharply tuned. In the other two species, the CF was shorter and there was no sharp tuning. 3. Electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation and/or the central grey matter elicited vocalizations which were indistinguishable from those used for echolocation. 4. The electrically-elicited vocalization was enhanced by acoustic stimuli. In P. parnellii, this vocal response was sharply tuned at 62-63 kHz and also to downward sweeping FM sounds. In P. suapurensis and N. leporinus, the vocal responses were prominent only to downward sweeping FM sounds. This indicates that the FM is important to echolocation in all these bats and that the CF component is more essential to echolocation in P. parnellii than to that in P. suapurensis and N. leporinus. 5. The responses of primary auditory neurons to the onset and cessation of pure tone stimuli were due to mechanical events, not due to a rebound from neural inhibition. 6. Masking experiments with P. parnellii indicate that the neural response at the cessation of a CF-FM sound similar to its orientation sound mainly consisted of the response to the FM component and not the off-response to the CF component. 7. During vocalization, self-stimulation was reduced by contraction of middle-ear muscles. This was not due to the acoustic reflex which started to occur with a 6 msec latency.

scholarly journals Behavioural tuning in a tropical amphibian along an altitudinal gradient

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 20170317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan W. F. Meenderink ◽  
Patricia M. Quiñones ◽  
Peter M. Narins
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Response Behaviour ◽  
Altitude Dependence ◽  
Sensitivity Change

Males of the coqui treefrog, Eleutherodactylus coqui , produce a distinct two-note ‘co-qui' advertisement call from sunset to midnight throughout most of the year. Previous work established that both the spectrotemporal aspects of the call and the frequency of highest inner-ear sensitivity change with altitude above sea level. These variations are such that the frequency of the emitted co-note closely matches the frequency to which the inner ear is most sensitive. Given this parallel variation, we expected that the call-evoked behavioural response of male coqui treefrogs would also show an altitude dependence, and hypothesized that males would produce their most robust acoustical territorial response to advertisement calls that match calls from their own altitude. We tested this hypothesis in the field by studying the vocal response behaviour of coquis to playbacks of synthetic, altitude-dependent conspecific calls, and indeed found that the most robust vocal responses were obtained using stimuli closely matching the calls from the same altitude.

Taped Vocalization as a Reinforcer of Vocal Behavior in a Siamang Gibbon (Symphalangus Syndactylus)

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maury M. Haraway ◽  
Ernest G. Maples ◽  
Steve Tolson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Extinction Period ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Symphalangus Syndactylus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Five Phases

The experiment demonstrated operant control of the vocal behavior of an adult male siamang by using taped vocalizations of wild siamangs as the reinforcer. The procedure consisted of 38 sessions divided into five phases. Baseline (three sessions): taped vocalizations were presented continuously until the subject made two vocal responses, then were terminated entirely. Operant 1 (five sessions): following elicitation of vocal behavior, taped vocalizations were presented contingently on any vocal response by the subject. Operant 2 (nine sessions): a 5-min. elicitation period preceded the onset of the contingency period. Discrimination-extinction (12 sessions): the 5-min. elicitation period was followed by an extinction period in which no taped answering calls were presented. Reconditioning (nine sessions): the procedure was identical to that for Operant 2. During all phases, the session continued until the subject ceased emitting vocal responses. Mean times spent calling for the last three sessions of each phase were: Baseline, 0.0 (min.); Operant 1, 1.60; Operant 2, 6.50; Discrimination-extinction, 3.56; and Reconditioning, 6.71. The results represent the operant control of a prepotent, species-typical pattern of behavior by use of a reinforcing stimulus that is specifically relevant to that behavior.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Intra-Operative Topical Wound Anaesthesia to Mitigate Piglet Castration Pain—A Large, Multi-Centred Field Trial

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2763
Author(s):  
Meredith Sheil ◽  
Giulia Maria De Benedictis ◽  
Annalisa Scollo ◽  
Suzanne Metcalfe ◽  
Giles Innocent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Production Conditions

Piglet castration results in acute pain and stress to the animal. There is a critical need for effective on-farm methods of pain mitigation. Local anaesthesia using Tri-Solfen® (Animal Ethics Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Australia), a topical local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation instilled to the wound during surgery, is a newly evolving on-farm method to mitigate castration pain. To investigate the efficacy of Tri-Solfen®, instilled to the wound during the procedure, to alleviate subsequent castration-related pain in neonatal piglets, we performed a large, negatively controlled, randomised field trial in two commercial pig farms in Europe. Piglets (173) were enrolled and randomised to undergo castration with or without Tri-Solfen®, instilled to the wound immediately following skin incision. A 30 s wait period was then observed prior to completing castration. Efficacy was investigated by measuring pain-induced motor and vocal responses during the subsequent procedure and post-operative pain-related behaviour in treated versus untreated piglets. There was a significant reduction in nociceptive motor and vocal response during castration and in the post-operative pain-related behaviour response in Tri-Solfen®-treated compared to untreated piglets, in the first 30 min following castration. Although not addressing pain of skin incision, Tri-Solfen® is effective to mitigate subsequent acute castration-related pain in piglets under commercial production conditions.

scholarly journals Conspecific odor cues induce different vocal responses in serrate-legged small treefrogs, but only in the absence of acoustic signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Deng ◽  
Ya Zhou ◽  
Qiao-Ling He ◽  
Bi-Cheng Zhu ◽  
Tong-Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Conspecific Odor ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Anuran Species

Abstract Background Signal detection is crucial to survival and successful reproduction, and animals often modify behavioral decisions based on information they obtained from the social context. Undeniably, the decision-making in male-male competition and female choice of anurans (frogs and toads) depends heavily on acoustic signals. However, increasing empirical evidence suggests that additional or alternative types of cue (e.g., visual, chemical, and vibratory) can be used to detect, discriminate and locate conspecifics in many anuran species. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated whether conspecific odor cues affect male’s calling behavior. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate whether and how different chemical cues (male odors, female odors, and stress odors) from conspecifics affect male’s calling strategies in serrate-legged small treefrogs (Kurixalus odontotarsus), and whether the combined chemical and acoustic stimuli have additive effects on calling behavior or not. Results We found that compared with female odors, male K. odontotarsus reduced calling investment in response to male odors or stress odors, in the absence of rival’s advertisement calls. When odor stimuli and advertisement calls were presented simultaneously, however, there were no differences in the vocal response of focal males among odor groups. Conclusions These results provide evidence that male treefrogs switch calling investment according to different odor cues from conspecifics, and further demonstrate that calling behavior can be affected by chemical cues in anuran species. Our study highlights the potential role of airborne chemical cues in sex identification and contributes to increase our understanding of anuran communication.

The Elicitation of Vocal Responses From Preschool Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hyne Champley ◽  
Moya L. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Vocal Responses

This article discusses the construction of tasks used to elicit vocal responses from preschool children. Procedures to elicit valid and reliable responses are proposed, and a sample assessment protocol is presented.

Effects of Frequency Filtering and Delayed Sidetone on Vocal Responses

1962 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Fulton ◽  
Henry E. Spuehler
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Filtering ◽  
Vocal Responses
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