Trait versus state anxiety, authoritarianism and ego threat versus physical threat.

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman S. Endler ◽  
Ralph Shedletsky
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Physical Threat

Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior.

1991 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd F. Heatherton ◽  
C. Peter Herman ◽  
Janet Polivy
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Physical Threat

scholarly journals Trait vs. state anxiety in different threatening situations

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pollyana Caldeira Leal ◽  
Tiago Costa Goes ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Flavia Teixeira-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Tension Level ◽  
Physical Threat ◽  
Interpersonal Threat ◽  
Psychological Parameters

Abstract Objective Anxiety as a uni- or multidimensional construct has been under discussion. The unidimensional approach assumes that there is a general trait anxiety, which predisposes the individuals to increases in state anxiety in various threatening situations. In this case, there should be a correlation between state and trait anxiety in any situation of threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between trait and state anxiety in participants exposed to two different anxiogenic situations: interpersonal threat (Video-Monitored Stroop Test – VMST) and physical threat (third molar extraction – TME). Methods Participants with various levels of trait anxiety (general trait: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; specific trait: Social Phobia Inventory, Dental Anxiety Scale) had their anxious state evaluated (STAI, self-evaluation of tension level, heart rate, electromyogram activity) before, during and after the VMST or the TME. Results In VMST, trait anxiety correlated to state anxiety (psychological parameters) in all test phases. However, in TME, the only trait measurement that correlated to state anxiety (psychological parameters) was the Dental Anxiety Scale. Conclusion Trait anxiety correlates positively to state anxiety in situations of interpersonal threat, but not of physical threat.

Mood congruent Bias in Interpretation of Ambiguity Strategic Processes and Temporary Activation

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Calvo Manuel ◽  
M. Dolores Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Ambiguous Information ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Interpretative Bias ◽  
Physical Threat ◽  
Ego Threats

Three experiments investigated the tendency of high-anxiety individuals to interpret ambiguous information in a threatening fashion. Priming ambiguous sentences (concerned with ego-threat, physical-threat, or non-threat events) were presented, followed by a disambiguating sentence in which a target word either confirmed or disconfirmed the consequence implied by the priming context. The sentences were presented word-by-word at a predetermined pace. Subjects read the sentences and pronounced the target word (naming task), which appeared either 500 msec or 1,250 msec after the onset of the last word (pre-target word) in the priming context. Results indicated that high-anxiety subjects named target words confirming threats faster than low-anxiety subjects, relative to non-threat words. Furthermore, this interpretative bias is: (a) strategic, rather than automatic, as it occurred with a 1,250-msec SOA, but not with a 500-msec SOA; (b) temporary, as it was found under evaluative stress conditions increasing state anxiety, but not with non-stress; and (c) specific to ego-threats, as it happened with ambiguous information concerning self-esteem and social evaluation, rather than with physical-threat-related information.

Multidimensional Anxiety and Content-specificity Effects in Preferential Processing of Threat

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. Calvo ◽  
P. Avero ◽  
M. Dolores Castillo ◽  
Juan J. Miguel-Tobal
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Content Specificity ◽  
Specificity Effects

We examined the relative contribution of specific components of multidimensional anxiety to cognitive biases in the processing of threat-related information in three experiments. Attentional bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop word color-naming task, interpretative bias by an on-line inference processing task, and explicit memory bias by sensitivity (d') and response criterion (β) from word-recognition scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed, first, that phobic anxiety and evaluative anxiety predicted selective attention to physical- and ego-threat information, respectively; cognitive anxiety predicted selective attention to both types of threat. Second, phobic anxiety predicted inhibition of inferences related to physically threatening outcomes of ambiguous situations. And, third, evaluative anxiety predicted a response bias, rather than a genuine memory bias, in the reporting of presented and nonpresented ego-threat information. Other anxiety components, such as motor and physiological anxiety, or interpersonal and daily-routines anxiety made no specific contribution to any cognitive bias. Multidimensional anxiety measures are useful for detecting content-specificity effects in cognitive biases.

Effects of Fear Induction on Heart Period Variability

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Stark ◽  
Alfons Hamm ◽  
Anne Schienle ◽  
Bertram Walter ◽  
Dieter Vaitl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Heart Period Variability ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Period Variability

Abstract The present study investigated the influence of contextual fear in comparison to relaxation on heart period variability (HPV), and analyzed differences in HPV between low and high anxious, nonclinical subjects. Fifty-three women participated in the study. Each subject underwent four experimental conditions (control, fear, relaxation, and a combined fear-relaxation condition), lasting 10 min each. Fear was provoked by an unpredictable aversive human scream. Relaxation should be induced with the aid of verbal instructions. To control for respiratory effects on HPV, breathing was paced at 0.2 Hz using an indirect light source. Besides physiological measures (HPV measures, ECG, respiration, forearm EMG, blood pressure), emotional states (pleasure, arousal, dominance, state anxiety) were assessed by subjects' self-reports. Since relaxation instructions did not have any effect neither on the subjective nor on the physiological variables, the present paper focuses on the comparison of the control and the fear condition. The scream reliably induced changes in both physiological and self-report measures. During the fear condition, subjects reported more arousal and state anxiety as well as less pleasure and dominance. Heart period decreased, while EMG and diastolic blood pressure showed a tendency to increase. HPV remained largely unaltered with the exception of the LF component, which slightly decreased under fear induction. Replicating previous findings, trait anxiety was negatively associated with HPV, but there were no treatment-specific differences between subjects with low and high trait anxiety.

Competence by any Means: Cheating as a Response to Ego Threat

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Moore ◽  
Francesca Gino ◽  
S. Wiley Wakeman
Keyword(s):  
Ego Threat

"Air-ball, air-ball": Ego-threat on the basketball court. A survey of division i players

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Goldschmied ◽  
Nicole Stenoish ◽  
Damian Vira ◽  
Nergis Akkaya ◽  
Sarena Mezzacappa
Keyword(s):  
Division I ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Basketball Court
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