Taste sensitivity and susceptibility to external influence in obese and normal weight subjects.

1972 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Grinker ◽  
Jules Hirsch ◽  
David V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
External Influence

scholarly journals Bitter Taste Sensitivity Is Determined by TAS2R38 Haplotype, Associated with Saturated Fat Intake and Is Lower in Overweight and Obese Compared to Normal Weight UK adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1271-1271
Author(s):  
Leta Pilic ◽  
Catherine Anna-Marie Graham ◽  
Nisrin Hares ◽  
Megan Brown ◽  
Jonathan Kean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Fat Taste ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives Taste perception (sensitivity) may be determined by genetic variations in taste receptors and it affects food intake. Lower fat taste sensitivity is associated with higher dietary fat intake and body mass index (BMI). Recently, associations between bitter and fat taste sensitivity have been reported whereby bitter taste perception may be involved in textural perception of dietary fat. However, it is not clear if lower sensitivity to bitter taste would lead to an actual higher fat intake. Our objectives were to explore the associations between haplotypes in the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38, bitter taste sensitivity and fat intake and if bitter taste sensitivity is lower in individuals with higher BMI. Methods Ethical approval was obtained from the St Mary's and Oxford Brookes University Ethics Committee. Eighty-eight healthy Caucasian participants (44% male and 56% female; mean BMI 24.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2 and mean age 35 ± 14 years) completed this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured and genotyping performed for rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939 genetic variants in the TAS2R38. Haplotypes were determined with Haploview software. Participants rated the intensity of a phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) impregnated strip on the general Labelled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) to determine bitter taste sensitivity and were classified as bitter tasters and non-tasters. Dietary fat intake was calculated from the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire and expressed as % total energy intake. Results TAS2R38 haplotypes were associated with bitter taster status (P < 0.005). PTC ratings of intensity were negatively correlated with % saturated fat (SFA) intake (rs = −0.256, P = 0.016). %SFA and %total fat (rs = 0.656, P < 0.005) and %total fat and energy intake (kcal) (rs = 0.225, P = 0.035) were positively correlated. Normal weight participants rated PTC strips as more intense compared to overweight and obese participants (mean rank 53 vs. 41, P = 0.033). Conclusions Bitter taste perception is determined by genetics and lower sensitivity to this taste is associated with higher intake of SFA. Lower bitter taste sensitivity in overweight/obese participants suggests that impaired bitter taste may be associated with an overall unhealthier and more energy dense dietary pattern. Funding Sources St Mary's and Oxford Brookes University.

Taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil is associated with endocannabinoid plasma levels in normal-weight individuals

Nutrition ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iole Tomassini Barbarossa ◽  
Gianfranca Carta ◽  
Elisabetta Murru ◽  
Melania Melis ◽  
Andrea Zonza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Sensitivity

scholarly journals Insights into smell and taste sensitivity in normal weight and overweight-obese adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 112897
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Herz ◽  
Eliza Van Reen ◽  
Caroline A. Gredvig-Ardito ◽  
Mary A. Carskadon
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Obese Adolescents

scholarly journals Association between Salivary Leptin Levels and Taste Perception in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lénia Rodrigues ◽  
Rosa Espanca ◽  
Ana Rodrigues Costa ◽  
Célia Miguel Antunes ◽  
Clarinda Pomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Threshold Detection ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Whole Saliva

The satiety inducing hormone leptin acts not only at central nervous system but also at peripheral level. Leptin receptors are found in several sense related organs, including the mouth. A role of leptin in sweet taste response has been suggested but, until now, studies have been based on in vitro experiments, or in assessing the levels of the hormone in circulation. The present study investigated whether the levels of leptin in saliva are related to taste perception in children and whether Body Mass Index (BMI) affects such relationship. Sweet and bitter taste sensitivity was assessed for 121 children aged 9-10 years and unstimulated whole saliva was collected for leptin quantification, using ELISA technique. Children females with lower sweet taste sensitivity presented higher salivary leptin levels, but this is only in the normal weight ones. For bitter taste, association between salivary leptin and caffeine threshold detection was observed only in preobese boys, with higher levels of salivary hormone in low sensitive individuals. This study is the first presenting evidences of a relationship between salivary leptin levels and taste perception, which is sex and BMI dependent. The mode of action of salivary leptin at taste receptor level should be elucidated in future studies.

scholarly journals Obese Women Have Lower Monosodium Glutamate Taste Sensitivity and Prefer Higher Concentrations Than Do Normal-weight Women

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yanina Pepino ◽  
Susana Finkbeiner ◽  
Gary K. Beauchamp ◽  
Julie A. Mennella
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Obese Women

scholarly journals Taste Sensitivity and Taste Preference among Malay Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur—A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Ler Sheang Lim ◽  
Xian Hui Tang ◽  
Wai Yew Yang ◽  
Shu Hwa Ong ◽  
Nenad Naumovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Control Study

The taste and food preferences in children can affect their food intake and body weight. Bitter and sweet taste sensitivities were identified as primary taste contributors to children’s preference for consuming various foods. This pilot study aimed to determine the taste sensitivity and preference for bitter and sweet tastes in a sample of Malaysian children. A case–control study was conducted among 15 pairs of Malay children aged 7 to 12 years. Seven solutions at different concentrations of 6-n-propylthiouracil and sucrose were prepared for testing bitterness and sweet sensitivity, respectively. The intensity of both bitter and sweet sensitivity was measured using a 100 mm Labelled Magnitude Scale (LMS), while the taste preference was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. The participants were better at identifying bitter than sweet taste (median score 6/7 vs. 4/7). No significant differences were detected for both tastes between normal-weight and overweight groups [bitter: 350 vs. 413, p = 0.273; sweet: 154 vs. 263, p = 0.068], as well as in Likert readings (bitter 9 vs. 8: p = 0.490; sweet 22 vs. 22: p = 0.677). In this sample of Malay children, the participants were more sensitive to bitterness than sweetness, yet presented similar taste sensitivity and preference irrespective of their weight status. Future studies using whole food samples are warranted to better characterize potential taste sensitivity and preference in children.

Differences in taste sensitivity between obese and non-obese children and adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Overberg ◽  
Thomas Hummel ◽  
Heiko Krude ◽  
Susanna Wiegand
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Rating ◽  
Obese Subjects

BackgroundTaste sensitivity varies between individuals. Several studies describe differences between obese and non-obese subjects concerning their taste perception. However, data are partly contradictory and insufficient. Therefore, in this study taste sensitivity of obese and non-obese children/adolescents was analysed.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study gustatory sensitivity of n=99 obese subjects (body mass index (BMI) >97th percentile) and n=94 normal weight subjects (BMI <90th percentile), 6–18 years of age, was compared. Sensitivity for the taste qualities sweet, sour, salty, umami and bitter was analysed by means of impregnated ‘taste strips’ in different concentrations. A total score was determined for all taste qualities combined as well as for each separately. Furthermore, the possible influence of sex, age and ethnicity on taste perception was analysed. An intensity rating for sweet was performed on a 5-point rating scale.ResultsObese subjects showed—compared to the control group—a significantly lower ability to identify the correct taste qualities regarding the total score (p<0.001). Regarding individual taste qualities there was a significantly lower detection rate for salty, umami and bitter by obese subjects. Furthermore, the determinants age and sex had a significant influence on taste perception: older age and female sex was associated with better ability to identify taste qualities. Concerning the sweet intensity rating obese children gave significantly lower intensity ratings to three of the four concentrations.ConclusionsObese and non-obese children and adolescents differ in their taste perception. Obese subjects could identify taste qualities less precisely than children and adolescents of normal weight.

scholarly journals Basic taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, and propensity of dairy foods of preadolescent children: How are they related?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Ervina Ervina ◽  
Ingunn Berget ◽  
Siv Borghild Skeie ◽  
Valérie L. Almli
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eating Practices

Background: Taste sensitivity has been reported to influence children’s eating behaviour and contribute to their food preferences and intake. This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents. Methods: Children’s taste sensitivity was measured by detection threshold with five different concentration levels of sweetness (sucrose), sourness (citric acid), saltiness (sodium chloride), bitterness (caffeine, quinine), and umami (monosodium glutamate). In addition, the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ), and the children’s body weight and height were completed by the parents. Children conducted the sensory evaluation test at schools while parents completed the questionnaires online. Results: A total of 69 child-parent dyads participated. Taste sensitivity was significantly associated with eating behaviour in food responsiveness, emotional overeating, and desire to drink. Children who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness (higher detection threshold) had higher food responsiveness scores, while those who were less sensitive to sweetness and caffeine bitterness had higher emotional overeating scores. In addition, children who were less sensitive to sourness and bitterness of both caffeine and quinine demonstrated to have higher scores in desire to drink. There was no association between taste sensitivity and FPQ, but significant differences were observed across children’s body mass index (BMI) regarding their FPQ of dairy food items, indicating higher consumption of low-fat milk in the overweight/obese compared to the normal-weight subjects. There was no significant difference in taste sensitivity according to BMI. Children’s eating behaviour differed across BMI, demonstrating a positive association between BMI and food approach, and a negative association between BMI and food avoidance. Conclusions: This study contributes to the preliminary understanding of the relationships between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents which could be used to develop effective strategies to promote healthy eating practices in children by considering their taste sensitivity.

scholarly journals General Decrease of Taste Sensitivity Is Related to Increase of BMI: A Simple Method to Monitor Eating Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Vignini ◽  
Francesca Borroni ◽  
Jacopo Sabbatinelli ◽  
Sofia Pugnaloni ◽  
Sonila Alia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background and Objectives. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between taste identification ability and body mass index (BMI) by studying the response to the administration of different taste stimuli to both sides of the tongue in three different groups of subjects. Subjects and Methods. Thirty healthy normal-weight volunteers, 19 healthy overweight subjects, and 22 obese subjects were enrolled. For each subject, the lateralization Oldfield score, body weight, height, and blood pressure were determined. The taste test is based on filter paper strips soaked with 4 taste stimuli presented at different concentrations to evoke 4 basic taste qualities (salty, sour, sweet, and bitter); pure rapeseed oil and water were also administered to evoke fat and neutral taste qualities. The stimuli were applied to each side of the protruded tongue. Subjects were asked to identify the taste from a list of eight descriptions according to a multiple choice paradigm. Results. The results showed a general lowering of taste sensitivity with the increase of BMI, except for the taste of fat with rapeseed oil as the stimulus. Other variables affecting taste sensitivity are age (negative association), gender (women generally show higher sensitivity), and taste stimuli concentration (positive association). Conclusions. Our findings could provide important insights into how new therapies could be designed for weight loss and long-term weight maintenance and how diets could be planned combining the correct caloric and nutritional supply with individual taste preferences.

Positive Associations Primacy in the IAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Anselmi ◽  
Michelangelo Vianello ◽  
Egidio Robusto
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Rasch Measurement ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Implicit Prejudice

Two studies investigated the different contribution of positive and negative associations to the size of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) effect. A Many-Facet Rasch Measurement analysis was applied for the purpose. Across different IATs (Race and Weight) and different groups of respondents (White, Normal weight, and Obese people) we observed that positive words increase the IAT effect whereas negative words tend to decrease it. Results suggest that the IAT is influenced by a positive associations primacy effect. As a consequence, we argue that researchers should be careful when interpreting IAT effects as a measure of implicit prejudice.

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