Anomalous transfer effects after pattern discrimination training in rats and squirrels.

1970 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Dodwell
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Transfer Effects

Relation of Stimulus-Size to Pattern Discrimination Training for the Hooded Rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill F. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Stimulus Size ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Background Ratio ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Background Area

Two experiments were performed to determine the relation of pattern area, background area, and pattern-background ratio to discrimination learning in the hooded rat. In Exp. 1 (triangle-circle discrimination) and Exp. 2 (diamond-square discrimination) a 1-sq. in. pattern placed on a 4-sq. in. background resulted in faster learning and a higher level of performance than three other pattern-background combinations. It was concluded that (a) supraliminal variation in stimulus-size is related to efficiency of discrimination learning, and (b) a unique combination of an optimal pattern and background area may be more critical than pattern area, background area, or pattern-background ratio per se.

Stimulus Size and Pattern Discrimination Training with Pattern-Pattern Contiguity Removed

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill F. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Discrimination Problem ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Stimulus Size ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Background Ratio ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Improved Learning

To separate effects of increased pattern-pattern contiguity from those of decreased pattern-background ratio, hooded rats discriminated between correct and incorrect patterns presented in temporal succession. Even though pattern-pattern contiguity was eliminated, decreased pattern-background ratio resulted in improved learning. However, the best learning for one problem was obtained with a 4-sq.-in. pattern superimposed on a 16-sq.-in. background. It was concluded that decreased pattern-background ratio contributes to better learning, but the pattern and background size for optimal learning varies as a function of the testing procedure and discrimination problem.

Nonspecific transfer effects of discrimination training in the rat.

1971 ◽  
Vol 74 (1, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Thomas ◽  
James T. Miller ◽  
John G. Svinicki
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Transfer Effects

Secondary Transfer Effect of Contact

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Evaluative Conditioning ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Secondary Transfer ◽  
Primary Reduction

This paper reviews the evidence for a secondary transfer effect of intergroup contact. Following a contact’s typical primary reduction in prejudice toward the outgroup involved in the contact, this effect involves a further, secondary reduction in prejudice toward noninvolved outgroups. Employing longitudinal German probability samples, we found that significant secondary transfer effects of intergroup contact exist, but they were limited to specific outgroups that are similar to the contacted outgroup in perceived stereotypes, status or stigma. Since the contact-prejudice link is bidirectional, the effect is inflated when prior prejudice reducing contact is not controlled. The strongest evidence derives from experimental research. Both cognitive (dissonance) and affective (evaluative conditioning) explanations for the effect are offered.

Pattern of Near Transfer Effects Following Working Memory Training With a Dual N-Back Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Soveri ◽  
Eric P. A. Karlsson ◽  
Otto Waris ◽  
Petra Grönholm-Nyman ◽  
Matti Laine
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Near Transfer ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Transfer Tasks ◽  
Back Task

Abstract. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated the pattern of near transfer effects of working memory (WM) training with an adaptive auditory-visuospatial dual n-back training task in healthy young adults. The results revealed significant task-specific transfer to an untrained single n-back task, and more general near transfer to a WM updating composite score plus a nearly significant effect on a composite score measuring interference control in WM. No transfer effects were seen on Active or Passive WM composites. The results are discussed in the light of cognitive versus strategy-related overlap between training and transfer tasks.

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