Role of stimulus labeling in stimulus generalization.

1966 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Thomas ◽  
Alberta Decapito
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Generalization

Blocking in Pavlovian Conditioning: Effect of Prior Excitatory Conditioning to a Stimulus Extraneous to Compound Conditioning

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1363-1381
Author(s):  
Paul L. DeVito ◽  
Laurie Cashman ◽  
Kimberly Petka
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excitatory Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Phase ◽  
Compound Conditioning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Blocking Experiment

The effect of prior excitatory conditioning to a stimulus not included in the compound conditioning phase of the typical blocking experiment was assessed in three CER studies. The first experiment, in which rat subjects received A +, C +, or a combination of A + /C + trials prior to AB + conditioning, showed that A + /C + or C + training produced as robust blocking as A + training relative to a control group with no prior conditioning. A second experiment which was designed to assess the role of background cues in mediating the blocking effect indicated that background cues were not responsible for the A + or C + effects, while a third experiment showed these same effects were not mediated by stimulus generalization. The findings of these experiments are interpreted in the context of pseudoconditioning-induced rehearsal of a US representation in short-term memory.

The Pigeon and the Spectrum and other Perplexities

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Guttman
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Light Wavelength ◽  
Multidimensional Stimulus ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in the study of stimulus generalization by means of operant conditioning methods require a re-examination of the problem of stimulus generalization and a review of the role of this concept in description and analysis of behavior. No final view of the outlines of learning theory can be achieved until more complete and fundamental information about generalization has been obtained. It has been established that in the pigeon orderly and reproducible bidirectional gradients can be obtained for individual Ss along the light-wavelength continuum. A dilemma is posed by the finding that these gradients are orderly on a physical scale; but not on an equal-discriminability scale. The form of the generalization function raises questions as the interpretation and meaning of the just-noticeable-difference concept. The problem of multidimensional stimulus generalization is discussed. The understanding of stimulus relationships in the generalization phenomenon is proposed as an issue of greater significance and difficulty than that of the control of generalization by such conventionally more prominent variables as drive and reinforcement.

Role of Stimulus Generalization in the Treatment of Alcoholism

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny J. Cohen ◽  
Joseph G. Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Significant Generalization ◽  
External Locus Of Control

7 avoidance and 6 escape Ss were conditioned to an alcoholic beverage and administered the Rotter internal vs external locus of control of reinforcement test. 23 Ss, all patients at the Sepulveda V.A. Hospital, were tested for generalized conditioned anxiety in reaction to other alcoholic beverages after acquisition and extinction procedures. Results (χ3) showed significant generalization for all experimental Ss combined in extinction who externalized their locus of control of reinforcement.

Expectancy and Stimulus Generalization in Vigilance

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry P. McFarland ◽  
Charles G. Halcomb
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Expectancy Theory ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Signal Probability ◽  
Visual Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Better Than ◽  
And Task

The influence of signal probability during an auditory pretest on performance on a visual monitoring task was examined in a split-plot factorial analysis of variance. 52 Ss were given an auditory pretask in which white noise was intermittently terminated at either a high ( p = .18) or low ( p = .02) probability during any 2-sec. interval; then a visual monitoring task was performed in which the signal probability was either high ( p = .18) or low ( p = .02). Ss who received the high auditory pretask performed reliably better than the low group ( p < .01). The within-session decrement varied as a function of the different pretest and task signal probabilities. The results support the expectancy theory of vigilance and suggest the importance of the role of pretask adaptation in the vigilance paradigm.

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