resistance to extinction
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Author(s):  
André Luiz ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Costa ◽  
Roberto Alves Banaco ◽  
Myenne Mieko Ayres Tsutsumi

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Sneddon ◽  
Collin A. Riddle ◽  
Kristen M. Schuh ◽  
Jennifer J. Quinn ◽  
Anna K. Radke

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Craig ◽  
Mary M. Sweeney ◽  
Timothy A. Shahan

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Pisklak ◽  
Joshua J. H. Yong ◽  
Marcia L. Spetch

Abstract In games of chance, a near miss is said to occur when feedback for a loss approximates a win. For instance, obtaining “cherry–cherry–lemon” on a slot machine could be considered a near miss. Sixty-six years ago, B.F. Skinner first proposed the idea that near-miss events might reinforce continued play in slot machines, and despite some inconsistencies in the experimental literature, belief in this “near-miss effect” has remained strong. In the present manuscript, we will review this literature and present experimental assessments of the near-miss effect on the frequency of the gambling response. Experiment 1 used a tightly controlled resistance-to-extinction procedure in pigeons to evaluate the putative reinforcing effect of near misses relative to a control “far-miss” reel pattern. Experiment 2 extended Experiment 1’s procedure to human participants. The results of both experiments failed to support the near-miss effect hypothesis. Experiment 3 used a further simplified procedure to assess the validity of the resistance-to-extinction paradigm when a probable conditional reinforcer was present on the reel stimuli. Although a clear conditional response was obtained from the reel, subsequent testing in extinction revealed no conditionally reinforcing function of this stimulus on operant response frequency.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Matthew Pisklak ◽  
Joshua Jyh Horng Yong ◽  
Marcia L Spetch

In games of chance, a near miss is said to occur when feedback for what is otherwise a loss approximates a win. For instance, obtaining “cherry-cherry-lemon” on a slot machine could be considered a near miss. Sixty-six years after B. F. Skinner first proposed the idea that near-miss events might be reinforcing continued play in slot machines, belief in this ‘near-miss effect’ has remained strong despite the troublesome experimental literature. The present study reviewed and experimentally assessed the near-miss effect as it pertains to the frequency of the gambling response. Experiment 1 used a tightly controlled resistance-to-extinction procedure in pigeons to evaluate the putative reinforcing effect of near misses relative to a control “far-miss” reel pattern. Experiment 2 extended Experiment 1’s procedure to human participants. The results of both experiments failed to support the near-miss effect hypothesis. Experiment 3 used a further simplified procedure to assess the validity of the resistance-to-extinction paradigm when a probable conditional reinforcer was present on the reel stimuli. Although a clear discriminative function was obtained from the reel, subsequent testing in extinction revealed no reinforcing function of this stimulus.


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