Don't stand so close to me: Bystander conflict - defining an important phenomenon

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Van Erp ◽  
Evangelia Demerouti ◽  
Josette Gevers ◽  
Sonja Rispens
Keyword(s):  
Important Phenomenon

Gossip as a Social Skill

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Francis T. McAndrew
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Competent Person

Gossip is a more complicated and socially important phenomenon than most people think, and campaigns to stamp out gossip in workplaces and other social settings overlook the fact that gossip is part of human nature and an essential part of what makes social groups function as well as they do. This chapter takes the position that gossip is an evolutionary adaptation and that it is the primary tool for monitoring and managing the reputation of individuals in society. An interest in the affairs of other people is a necessary component of being a socially competent person, and the chapter explores the multi-dimensional nature of gossip-related social skills. It pays special attention to “gossip as a social skill,” rather than as a character flaw, and presents insights into related phenomena such as how people use social media such as Facebook.

Aristoteles enthymem

2010 ◽  
pp. 36-66
Author(s):  
Maria Wolrath Söderberg
Keyword(s):  
Context Dependence ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Construction Of Meaning

The Enthymeme, which is a central concept in Aristotle’s rhetoric, is also one of his most debated notions. A majority of the interpretations proceed from Aristotle’s own words “the enthymeme is a kind of syllogism” and most of them understand the enthymeme as a reduced syllogism or a syllogism based on the plausible. In this article different views of the Aristotelian enthymeme are examined, and an alternative outlook inspired by Aristotle’s own examples, is put forward. This is a suggestion that takes into consideration the context dependence, the dialogical nature and the need for presence (in a Perelmanian sense), in human communication and construction of meaning. The enthymeme is here viewed as a discursive process in which the reasoning of the speaker connects with the listener’s structures of meaning. An important phenomenon in this process is the establishment of coherence

scholarly journals Questions about household consumption in surveys

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Mirko Savic
Keyword(s):  
Household Consumption ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Do So ◽  
Valid Information

Household total expenditure (consumption) is a very important phenomenon in many research areas. The problem is how to get precise information about the consumption from each household and at the same time not to make the questionnaire so long and involved that it becomes a burden to the respondent. In this paper is evidence from several sources on the usefulness of recall consumption questions. Valid information can be collected by adding specific recall questions to general purpose surveys. There are a few recommendations on how to do so.

Expressivism, Psychic Health, and the First-Person Stance

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Leite
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
First Person ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Subjective Perspective ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Functional Capacities ◽  
Philosophical Questions

This article addresses the psychotherapeutically important phenomenon of relating first-personally to one's own emotion, belief, desire, or other attitude. The fundamental theoretical challenge is to understand how one can relate to one's attitudes as one's attitudes without occupying a position that is alienated from them. Philosophical questions in this area are significantly illuminated by considering certain clinically manifested vicissitudes and pathologies of the first-person. The article interprets the first-person relation in terms of a complex set of functional capacities: the capacity to occupy the subjective perspective of the attitude as conscious subject; the capacity to both self-ascribe the attitude and articulate its content, in ways that are expressive manifestations of the attitude; and various capacities involved in relating to one's state as an attitude. The resultant conception of the first-person stance accommodates a range of clinically significant phenomena and suggests a multidimensional specification of one key aspect of psychological health.

Granular Causality Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-108
Author(s):  
Rutu Mulkar-Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Multiple Meanings

Causal markers, syntactic structures and connectives have been the sole identifying features for automatically extracting causal relations in natural language discourse. However, various connectives such as “and”, prepositions such as “as”, and other syntactic structures are highly ambiguous in nature, as they have multiple meanings besides causality. As a result, one cannot solely rely on lexico-syntactic markers for detection of causal phenomenon in discourse. This paper introduces the Theory of Granular Causality and describes a new approach to identify causality in natural language. Causality is often granular in nature (Mulkar-Mehta, 2011; Mazlack, 2004), and this property of causality is used to discover and infer the presence of causal relations in text. This is compared with causal relations identified using just causal markers. A precision of 0.91 and a recall of 0.79 is achieved using granularity for causal relation detection, as compared to a precision of 0.79 and a recall of 0.44 using text-based causal words for causality detection. Next, the author presents the findings for discovering causal relations between two sentences in an article. The system achieves a precision of 0.60 for discovering causality between two sentences using granular causality markers as features. The results are encouraging, and show that the granular causality is an important phenomenon in natural language

scholarly journals Spontaneous regression of breast carcinoma: review of English publications from 1753 to 1897

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson I.B. Onuigbo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Spontaneous Regression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
History Of Cancer ◽  
Cancer Regression

Regression is an important phenomenon in oncology. Two reviews in 2011 dealt at length with what in modern parlance may be called its permutations and combinations. Specifically, in both 1982 and 1987, when its occurrence in breast cancer was presented from two centers, the oldest accounts of it were dated back to 1900. Therefore, a search for much older English literature was undertaken in order to widen current knowledge of this important problem. Consequently, a published long case dating back to 1897 is abridged and a short 1846 case is also noted. Furthermore, general etiological concepts are exemplified as far back as 1753. It is concluded that the history of cancer regression is like fishing in an ocean of this illness. However, the findings are deemed to complement what modern historical accounts lack.

Data Mining and the Banking Sector

2008 ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Àkos Felsövályi ◽  
Jennifer Couran
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
The Subject

In this chapter, we will discuss a few areas of this vast and important phenomenon, following the outline below. We will be focusing on corporate lending, although data mining permeates all aspects of today’s banking. We will discuss corporate lending based on Citigroup’s own practices, and the rest of the subject will be based on practices generic to the industry.

The political rationalities of indebtedness: Control, discipline, sovereignty

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-468
Author(s):  
Jean François Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Character ◽  
Loan Contract

This article examines the political character of debt relations, focusing in particular on the increasingly important phenomenon of personal indebtedness. Following Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, it distinguishes between three forms of ‘rationality’ that explain the various power dynamics at play beneath the formal and seemingly voluntary loan contract. Debt first exemplifies the open-ended flows of power that circulate in the networked structures of the ‘societies of control’ described by Deleuze. Far from signaling the demise of the modern disciplines analyzed by Foucault, credit relations are, on the contrary, shown to depend on some of the normalizing procedures that constituted the common core of disciplinary institutions. Arguing for a synchronic approach to historical political rationalities, this article highlights the relationship between debt and sovereignty, showing the intrication of contemporary, financialized forms of capitalist exploitation and the state’s ancient pretension to exact from its citizens an infinite debt of existence. Debt thus combines the respective effects of control, discipline and sovereignty and constitutes as such a powerful technology for the governing of individuals and populations.

Techniques for Experimental Measurement of Fatigue Crack Closure

2007 ◽  
Vol 7-8 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nowell
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Crack Closure ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Moiré Interferometry ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Moire Interferometry ◽  
Fatigue Crack Closure ◽  
Closure Models ◽  
Important Phenomenon

Fatigue crack closure is an important phenomenon which needs to be taken into account in the development of models for crack propagation. This paper presents an overview of techniques for measuring crack closure. The moiré interferometry approach is described in more detail and some experimental results are presented and compared with the predictions of closure models.

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