scholarly journals Questions about household consumption in surveys

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Mirko Savic
Keyword(s):  
Household Consumption ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Do So ◽  
Valid Information

Household total expenditure (consumption) is a very important phenomenon in many research areas. The problem is how to get precise information about the consumption from each household and at the same time not to make the questionnaire so long and involved that it becomes a burden to the respondent. In this paper is evidence from several sources on the usefulness of recall consumption questions. Valid information can be collected by adding specific recall questions to general purpose surveys. There are a few recommendations on how to do so.

ByShard

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2230-2243
Author(s):  
Jelle Hellings ◽  
Mohammad Sadoghi
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Large Data ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Data Management Systems ◽  
Malicious Behavior ◽  
Byzantine Failures ◽  
Do So

The emergence of blockchains has fueled the development of resilient systems that can deal with Byzantine failures due to crashes, bugs, or even malicious behavior. Recently, we have also seen the exploration of sharding in these resilient systems, this to provide the scalability required by very large data-based applications. Unfortunately, current sharded resilient systems all use system-specific specialized approaches toward sharding that do not provide the flexibility of traditional sharded data management systems. To improve on this situation, we fundamentally look at the design of sharded resilient systems. We do so by introducing BYSHARD, a unifying framework for the study of sharded resilient systems. Within this framework, we show how two-phase commit and two-phase locking ---two techniques central to providing atomicity and isolation in traditional sharded databases---can be implemented efficiently in a Byzantine environment, this with a minimal usage of costly Byzantine resilient primitives. Based on these techniques, we propose eighteen multi-shard transaction processing protocols. Finally, we practically evaluate these protocols and show that each protocol supports high transaction throughput and provides scalability while each striking its own trade-off between throughput, isolation level, latency , and abort rate. As such, our work provides a strong foundation for the development of ACID-compliant general-purpose and flexible sharded resilient data management systems.

scholarly journals On the Nature of Everyday Prospection: A Review and Theoretical Integration of Research on Mind-Wandering, Future Thinking, and Prospective Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Kvavilashvili ◽  
Jan Rummel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Planned Activities ◽  
Do So

The ability to imagine and simulate events that may happen in the future has been studied in several related but independent research areas (e.g., episodic future thinking, mind-wandering, prospective memory), with a newly emerging field of involuntary future thinking focusing primarily on the spontaneous occurrence of such thoughts. In this article, we review evidence from these diverse fields to address important questions about why do people think about the future, what are the typical and most frequent contents of such thoughts, and how do these thoughts occur (are they spontaneous or constructed deliberately). Results of the literature review provide support for the pragmatic theory of prospection, by showing that when people engage in prospective thought naturally, without being explicitly instructed to do so, they predominantly think about their upcoming tasks and planned activities instead of simulating plausible but novel hypothetical scenarios. Moreover, prospective thoughts are more often spontaneous than deliberate and effortful, and their occurrence seems to increase the likelihood of planned activities being completed in the future. The findings are discussed in the context of a new “pragmatic dual process account” of future thinking, and new avenues for future research on prospection are outlined.

REPRO: A NEW REDUCTION/EXPANSION PROTOCOL TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE OF IMAGE TRANSMISSION IN MEDICAL TELEDIAGNOSIS PLATFORMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hédi Amri ◽  
Fouad Hanna ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lapayre ◽  
Ali Khalfallah ◽  
MS Bouhlel
Keyword(s):  
Image Transmission ◽  
Color Images ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Expansion Protocol ◽  
Consumption Saving ◽  
Do So

Despite their frequent use in our daily life, the expansion and reduction of images are among the least studied research areas in the literature. That is why the present research paper undertakes the study of the different techniques used for reducing and enlarging images, whose combination will be a new protocol (REPro) for the transmission of medical images. The proposed approach consists in reducing the image when sent and enlarging it when received, which allows for consumption saving of the bandwidth allocated to the diagnostics service. To do so, the performance of our new protocol was tested for the transfer of scars images (color images) and ultrasound images (grayscale images) in terms of the resemblance between the original image, on one hand, and the reduced and then enlarged one, on the other hand.

World Health Organization

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Voluntary Contributions ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
The World ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Do So

The Executive Board of the World Health Organization (WHO) held its 21st session in Geneva, January 14–28, 1958, under the chairmanship of Sir John Charles. After discussing in detail the Director-General's proposed program of activities and budget estimates for 1959, the Board endorsed the Director-General's effective working budget of$14, 287, 600. It was suggested that in preparing the 1960 budget a greater percentage of the total expenditure should be set aside for strengthening the technical services at headquarters. In pursuance of WHO's policy of complete malaria eradication, the Director-General had drawn up a detailed program covering the operations for the following five years. Noting that the total resources available in the malaria eradication special account amounted to $5,112,000, and that the estimated expenditure for 1958 alone was $5,058,000, the Board expressed the hope that governments able to do so would make voluntary contributions to the account and requested the Director-General to take the necessary steps, including adequate publicity, to obtain additional funds, whether from governmental or from private sources.

Stream Processing of a Neural Classifier II

2011 ◽  
pp. 1497-1503
Author(s):  
M. Martínez-Zarzuela ◽  
F. J. Díaz Pernas ◽  
D. González Ortega ◽  
J. F. Díez Higuera ◽  
M. Antón Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Stream Processing ◽  
General Rule ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Skin Segmentation ◽  
Fuzzy Art ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Neural Classifier ◽  
Single Data

This article presents a real-time Fuzzy ART neural classifier for skin segmentation implemented on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). GPUs have evolved into powerful programmable processors, becoming increasingly used in time-dependent research fields such as dynamics simulation, database management, computer vision or image processing. GPUs are designed following a Stream Processing Model and each new generation of commodity graphics cards incorporates rather more powerful and flexible GPUs (Owens, 2005). In the last years General Purpose GPU (GPGPU) computing has established as a well-accepted application acceleration technique. The GPGPU phenomenon belongs to larger research areas: homogeneous and heterogenous multi-core computing. Research in these fields is driven by factors as the Moore’s Gap. Today’s uni-processors follow a 90/100 rule, where 90 percent of the processor is passive and 10 percent is doing active work. By contrast, multi-core processors try to follow the same general rule but with 10 percent passive and 90 percent active processors when working at full throughput. Single processor Central Processing Units (CPUs) were designed for executing general purpose programs comprised of sequential instructions operating on single data. Designers tried to optimize complex control requirements with minimum latency, thus many transistors in the chip are devoted to branch prediction, out of order execution and caching. In the article Stream Processing of a Neural Classifier I several terms and concepts related to GPGPU were introduced. A detailed description of the Fuzzy ART ANN implementation on a commodity graphics card, exploiting the GPU’s parallelism and vector capabilities, was given. In this article, the aforementioned Fuzzy ART GPU-designed implementation is configured for robust real-time skin recognition. Both learning and testing processes are done on the GPU using chrominance components in TSL (Tint, Saturation and Luminance) color space. The Fuzzy ART ANN implementation recognizes skin tone pixels at a rate of 270 fps on an NVIDIA GF7800GTX GPU.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Direktori Lokasi Bermain Skateboarding di Sumatera Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Dian Mega Putra ◽  
Desriyeni Desriyeni
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Object A ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clear Information ◽  
Do So

AbstractWriting this paper aims to create a directory of locations for skateboarding in West Sumatra. The method used in this paper is descriptive research, which examines a group of people, an object, a condition, a thought, or a class of events in the present. Data collection is done by observation, interview, and literature study. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded as follows. First, the obstacles in making a skateboarding directory location in West Sumatra can be described as follows. (a) the writer has difficulty finding a clear place about the location of skateboarding. These constraints are due to the absence of a clear pointer or direction to a skateboarding location. (b) the distance from the downtown or downtown. These constraints are due to inadequate access to locations. The author must ask and explain to the surrounding community in detail in a location in order to get to the point where to skateboard. (c), the authors find it difficult to find the right sources for more detailed information on a skateboarding location. The existence of these obstacles is due to ignorance of the community and skateboarding community about the place. The author only gets some clear information when making observations. Second, the author's attempt to do so is as follows. (a) the author does his best to make clear road and road directions to a skateboarding location with the help of the surrounding community and the communities in the place. With the help of the community and community in making instructions at a predetermined point or better known by the community. (b) the author tries to minimize the distance to the location of skateboarding by asking the informant or the right informant at a skateboarding location. (c) the author tries his best to do interviews with several people to get clear and precise information about a skateboarding location. The resource person can come from the community itself or the community around the location.Keywords: directory, skateboarding, West Sumatera

scholarly journals Reproductive science and the future of the planet

Reproduction ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. R91-R96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock K Findlay ◽  
Michael K Holland ◽  
Bob B M Wong
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Reproductive Science ◽  
Do So ◽  
Valid Information

Reproductive sciences have made major contributions to human health, livestock production and environmental management in the past and will continue to do so in future. In collaboration with other disciplines, reproductive scientists can provide scientifically valid information that will allow the rational development of policies on topics such as declining fertility in men and women, livestock breeding efficiencies, climate change, pest animal control, wildlife management and environmental influences. It is imperative that the reproductive sciences are recognised by the community and policy makers as important contributors to future health and welfare of animals, humans and the planet if these potential benefits are to be captured and utilised. Reproductive Health Australia (RHA) was launched recently to advocate for reproductive biology as a national health, economic and social priority. This short review provides a snapshot of why it is imperative that reproductive science receives the recognition that is due to it and provides examples of how it can contribute to the future of the planet.

Using mixed methods to map vaguely defined research areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Degn ◽  
Niels Mejlgaard ◽  
Jesper Wiborg Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Science Mapping ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Do So

Abstract The aim of this article is to present an alternative method for science mapping, which remedies some of the classic limitations to e.g. using co-citation analysis as a mapping tool. With the emergence of new, more complex and interdisciplinary areas of research it becomes important to adjust our understandings of how to study these areas, and the argument of the present paper is that in order to provide high-resolution maps of emerging scientific areas, we need to start in the ‘cognitive colleges’ of the research areas themselves. To do so, a mixed methods design with co-nomination as its backbone is proposed. The potential and limitations of the alternative approach to science mapping are discussed based on an empirical example of mapping an vaguely defined research area in Denmark.

The God That Won: Eugen Kogon and the Origins of Cold War Liberalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-363
Author(s):  
James Chappel
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Do So

Eugen Kogon (1903–87) was one of the most important German intellectuals of the late 1940s. His writings on the concentration camps and on the nature of fascism were crucial to West Germany’s fledgling transition from dictatorship to democracy. Previous scholars of Kogon have focused on his leftist Catholicism, which differentiated him from the mainstream. This article takes a different approach, asking instead how Kogon, a recovering fascist himself, came to have so much in common with his peers in West Germany and in the Cold War West. By 1948, he fluently spoke the new language of Cold War liberalism, pondering how human rights and liberal democracy could be saved from totalitarianism. He did not do so, the article argues, because he had decided to abandon his principles and embrace a militarized anti-Communist cause. Instead, he transitioned to Cold War liberalism because it provided a congenial home for a deeply Catholic thinker, committed to a carceral understanding of Europe’s fascist past and a federalist vision for its future. The analysis helps us to see how European Catholics made the Cold War their own – an important phenomenon, given that Christian Democrats held power almost everywhere on the continent that was not controlled by Communists. The analysis reveals a different portrait of Cold War liberalism than we usually see: less a smokescreen for American interests, and more a vessel for emancipatory projects and ideals that was strategically employed by diverse actors across the globe.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengerluaran Rumah Tangga Dalam Bidang Pendidikan, Kesehatan dan, Adat di Kecamatan Tembuku Kabupaten Bangli

2020 ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Wayan Wenagama
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Average Consumption ◽  
Average Expenditure

The total expenditure on education, health, and tradition activity is very important in improving the quality of human resources and maintaining Balinese culture. Culture is a major factor in supporting tourism in Bali in general. This study measures what factors influence household consumption in the fields of education, health, and customs in Tembuku Sub-District, Bangli Regency. This study aims to view and analyze education, health, and customs. The average consumption in the health sector in a month is only Rp. 65,920.-, the average expenditure on education is Rp. 350,000, and the average expenditure in the tradition activityis Rp. 305,681 per month. Each expenditure model, the number of family members has an effect on household expenditure in the fields of health, education, and tradition activity.

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