Backward conditioning in man and the criteria of conditioning

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ctibor Dostalek
Keyword(s):  
Backward Conditioning

scholarly journals Associative mechanisms involved in specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in human learning tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1607-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E Alarcón ◽  
Charlotte Bonardi ◽  
Andrew R Delamater
Keyword(s):  
Human Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
Presence And Absence

Four experiments compared the effect of forward and backward conditioning procedures on the ability of conditioned stimuli (CS) to elevate instrumental responding in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) task. Two responses were each trained with one distinct outcome (R1->O1, R2->O2), either concurrently (Experiment 1) or separately (Experiments 2, 3 and 4). Then, in Experiments 1 and 2, four CSs were either followed or preceded by one outcome (A->O1, B->O2, O1->C, O2->D). In Experiment 3, each CS was preceded and followed by an outcome: for one group of participants, both outcomes were identical (e.g., O1->A->O1, O2->B->O2), but for the other, they were different (e.g., O1->A->O2, O2->B->O1). In Experiment 4, two CSs were preceded and followed by identical outcomes, and two CSs by different outcomes. In the PIT tests, participants performed R1 and R2 in the presence and absence of the CSs. In Experiments 1 and 2, only the CSs followed by outcomes in Pavlovian training elevated responding. In Experiments 3 and 4, all the CSs elevated responding but based on the outcome that followed them in training. These results support the stimulus-outcome-response (S-O-R) mechanism of specific PIT, according to which CSs elevate responding via activation of its associated outcome representation.

Post-Irradiation Saccharin Avoidance with Non-Coincident Stimuli

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. McLaurin ◽  
John A. Farley ◽  
Barron B. Scarborough ◽  
Travis D. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Per Se

Two separate studies were made to determine the degree of post-irradiation saccharin avoidance behavior displayed by rats given tap water or no fluid to drink prior to low-level x-irradiation exposure. In neither study were significant differences, in post-treatment saccharin avoidance behavior, found between the groups receiving saccharin solution, tap water or no fluid to drink prior to radiation exposure. It was concluded that the results could be viewed as additional evidence for the hypothesis of an association of a disturbed physiological state and the discriminatory saccharin solution in the home cage and not an association of x-irradiation with saccharin solution per se. Doubt was expressed that the results could be taken as evidence for successful backward conditioning.

scholarly journals Backward conditioning: An artifact of experimental design?

1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-432
Author(s):  
Cooper B. Holmes ◽  
Stephen F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Backward Conditioning

scholarly journals The effects of signaling the US in backward conditioning: A shift from excitatory to inhibitory learning

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Dolan ◽  
Akira Shishimi ◽  
Allan R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inhibitory Learning

scholarly journals Excitatory backward conditioning of defensive burying in rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marica L. Spetch ◽  
Lori J. Terlecki ◽  
John P. J. Pinel ◽  
Donald M. Wilkie ◽  
Dallas Treit
Keyword(s):  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
Defensive Burying
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document