The Effects of Pretraining and Avoidance Training Shock Intensity on Learned Helplessness

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Gade
Keyword(s):  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Avoidance Training

Learned Helplessness in Goldfish under Conditions of Low Shock Intensity

1983 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Nash ◽  
Sheena L. Martinez ◽  
Michael M. Dudeck ◽  
Stephen F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Learned Helplessness

Single-Trial Avoidance Conditioning in Rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter B. Essman ◽  
Frederick N. Sudak
Keyword(s):  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Training Trial ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Shock Duration ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
High Incidence

Two experiments were designed to investigate shock intensity (current level), and shock duration as variables in the conditioning of an avoidance response in rats with a single training trial. In Exp. 3, a fixed current and duration were used and the resistance of the established conditioned response to extinction was determined. A grid scrambled 3-ma., 1-sec. shock applied to the four paws as a reinforcement was found to be most efficient in producing a high incidence and magnitude of conditioned avoidance. Training-testing intervals of 1 and 24 hr. yielded comparable results. Increasing the duration of a 3-ma. shock reinforcement increased the resistance of the CR to extinction.

scholarly journals Role of shock intensity in the learned helplessness paradigm

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Rosellini ◽  
Martin E. P. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Learned Helplessness

Instruction-Based Approach-Avoidance Effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Van Dessel ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Anne Gast ◽  
Colin Tucker Smith
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Evaluative Priming ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Prior research suggests that repeatedly approaching or avoiding a certain stimulus changes the liking of this stimulus. We investigated whether these effects of approach and avoidance training occur also when participants do not perform these actions but are merely instructed about the stimulus-action contingencies. Stimulus evaluations were registered using both implicit (Implicit Association Test and evaluative priming) and explicit measures (valence ratings). Instruction-based approach-avoidance effects were observed for relatively neutral fictitious social groups (i.e., Niffites and Luupites), but not for clearly valenced well-known social groups (i.e., Blacks and Whites). We conclude that instructions to approach or avoid stimuli can provide sufficient bases for establishing both implicit and explicit evaluations of novel stimuli and discuss several possible reasons for why similar instruction-based approach-avoidance effects were not found for valenced well-known stimuli.

Transfer of "Learned Helplessness" Effects to an Appetitive Task

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Engberg ◽  
Martin I. Golding ◽  
Joseph R. Volpicelli
Keyword(s):  
Learned Helplessness
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