Cognitive processes in visual search

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bloomfield ◽  
John A. Modrick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes

Transition of target-location signaling in activity of macaque lateral intraparietal neurons during delayed-response visual search

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1516-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nishida ◽  
Tomohiro Tanaka ◽  
Tadashi Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Stimulus Offset

Neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) are involved in signaling the location of behaviorally relevant objects during visual discrimination and working memory maintenance. Although previous studies have examined these cognitive processes separately, they often appear as inseparable sequential processes in real-life situations. Little is known about how the neural representation of the target location is altered when both cognitive processes are continuously required for executing a task. We investigated this issue by recording single-unit activity from LIP of monkeys performing a delayed-response visual search task in which they were required to discriminate the target from distractors in the stimulus period, remember the location at which the extinguished target had been presented in the delay period, and make a saccade to that location in the response period. Target-location signaling was assessed using response modulations contingent on whether the target location was inside or opposite the receptive field. Although the population-averaged response modulation was consistent and changed only slightly during a trial, the across-neuron pattern of response modulations showed a marked and abrupt change around 170 ms after stimulus offset due to concurrent changes in the response modulations of a subset of LIP neurons, which manifested heterogeneous patterns of activity changes during the task. Our findings suggest that target-location signaling by the across-neuron pattern of LIP activity discretely changes after the stimulus disappearance under conditions that continuously require visual discrimination and working memory to perform a single behavioral task.

The 35th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture: Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1457-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Preview Benefit ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Perceptual Span ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Eye movements are now widely used to investigate cognitive processes during reading, scene perception, and visual search. In this article, research on the following topics is reviewed with respect to reading: (a) the perceptual span (or span of effective vision), (b) preview benefit, (c) eye movement control, and (d) models of eye movements. Related issues with respect to eye movements during scene perception and visual search are also reviewed. It is argued that research on eye movements during reading has been somewhat advanced over research on eye movements in scene perception and visual search and that some of the paradigms developed to study reading should be more widely adopted in the study of scene perception and visual search. Research dealing with “real-world” tasks and research utilizing the visual-world paradigm are also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Selective Influence and Sequential Operations: A Research Strategy for Visual Search

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleb A. Lowe ◽  
Thomas R. Reppert ◽  
Jeffrey D Schall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Singleton Distractor ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Processing Architectures ◽  
Selective Influence

ABSTRACTWe introduce conceptually and empirically a powerful but underutilized experimental approach to dissect the cognitive processes supporting performance of a visual search task with factorial manipulations of singleton-distractor identifiability and stimulus-response cue discriminability. We show that systems factorial technology can distinguish processing architectures from the performance of macaque monkeys. This demonstration offers new opportunities to distinguish neural mechanisms through selective manipulation of visual encoding, search selection, rule encoding, and stimulus-response mapping.

Cognitive Processes in Visual Search

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
John R. Bloomfield ◽  
John A. Modrick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Variable Field

This approach to visual search introduces the concepts of organization, variable field of view and congratulation. It builds upon ideas developed in glimpse/detection lobe models of visual search. It suggests experiments that go beyond an assessment of variables that affect visual search performance, in the hope that these will eventually lead to a comprehensive cognitive theory of visual search.

Construct Validity of the Stroop Color-Word Test: Influence of Speed of Visual Search, Verbal Fluency, Working Memory, Cognitive Flexibility, and Conflict Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A Periáñez ◽  
Genny Lubrini ◽  
Ana García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Marcos Ríos-Lago
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms

Abstract Objective 85 years after the description of the Stroop interference effect, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the cognitive constructs underlying scores from standardized versions of the test. The present work aimed to clarify the cognitive mechanisms underlying direct (word-reading, color-naming, and color-word) and derived scores (interference, difference, ratio, and relative scores) from Golden’s standardized version of the test. Method After a comprehensive review of the literature, five cognitive processes were selected for analysis: speed of visual search, phonemic verbal fluency, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and conflict monitoring. These constructs were operationalized by scoring five cognitive tasks (WAIS-IV Digit Symbol, phonemic verbal fluency [letter A], WAIS-IV Digit Span, TMT B-A, and reaction times to the incongruent condition of a computerized Stroop task, respectively). About 83 healthy individuals (mean age = 25.2 years) participated in the study. Correlation and regression analyses were used to clarify the contribution of the five cognitive processes on the prediction of Stroop scores. Results Data analyses revealed that Stroop word-reading reflected speed of visual search. Stroop color-naming reflected working memory and speed of visual search. Stroop color-word reflected working memory, conflict monitoring, and speed of visual search. Whereas the interference score was predicted by both conflict monitoring and working memory, the ratio score (color-word divided by color-naming) was predicted by conflict monitoring alone. Conclusion The present results will help neuropsychologists to interpret altered patient scores in terms of a failure of the cognitive mechanisms detailed here, benefitting from the solid background of preceding experimental work.

scholarly journals The performance costs of interruption during visual search are determined by the type of search task

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alonso ◽  
Mark Lavelle ◽  
Trafton Drew
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Interruption Costs ◽  
The Cost

AbstractPrior research has shown that interruptions lead to a variety of performance costs. However, these costs are heterogenous and poorly understood. Under some circumstances, interruptions lead to large decreases in accuracy on the primary task, whereas in others task duration increases, but task accuracy is unaffected. Presently, the underlying cause of these costs is unclear. The Memory for Goals model suggests that interruptions interfere with the ability to represent the current goal of the primary task. Here, we test the idea that working memory (WM) may play a critical role in representing the current goal and thus may underlie the observed costs associated with interruption. In two experiments, we utilized laboratory-based visual search tasks, which differed in their WM demands, in order to assess how this difference influenced the observed interruption costs. Interruptions led to more severe performance costs when the target of the search changed on each trial. When the search target was consistent across trials, the cost of interruption was greatly reduced. This suggests that the WM demands associated with the primary task play an important role in determining the performance costs of interruption. Our findings suggest that it is important for research to consider the cognitive processes a task engages in order to predict the nature of the adverse effects of interruption in applied settings such as radiology.

scholarly journals Early vision and visual attention

Psihologija ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Vasilije Gvozdenovic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Feature Integration ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Early Vision ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Feature Integration Theory

The question whether visual perception is spontaneous, sudden or is running through several phases, mediated by higher cognitive processes, was raised ever since the early work of Gestalt psychologists. In the early 1980s, Treisman proposed the feature integration theory of attention (FIT), based on the findings of neuroscience. Soon after publishing her theory a new scientific approach appeared investigating several visual perception phenomena. The most widely researched were the key constructs of FIT, like types of visual search and the role of the attention. The following review describes the main studies of early vision and visual attention.

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