scholarly journals The low-level cognitive processes involved in the visual search of pull-down menus and computer screens, as revealed by cognitive modeling

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Hornof
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Low Level

Cognitive processes in visual search

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bloomfield ◽  
John A. Modrick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes

Specific Writing Disabilities in Intellectually Gifted Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Yates ◽  
Virginia W. Berninger ◽  
Robert D. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Text Generation ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Writing Processes ◽  
Writing Disabilities

To determine whether some gifted children may have specific writing disabilities, we compared 10 gifted and 10 average children in grades 1 through 6 (N = 120). The primary question addressed was whether gifted writers exhibit more advanced skills than their average-IQ peers in both higher level cognitive writing processes (as manifested in quality of text generation) and lower level writing processes (as manifested in transcription), or solely at one of those levels. Results supported our hypothesis that gifted and average children differ in higher level cognitive processes but not in lower level processes in writing. Poor writing performance in gifted students may reflect low-level transcription deficits and is not necessarily the result of laziness, boredom, or lack of motivation as is often believed. Implications of this research for identifying writing-related learning disabilities in gifted students are discussed.

Creative Stimulation in Conceptual Design

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Benami ◽  
Yan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Creative Design ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

Conceptual design is a process of creating functions, forms and behaviors. Although cognitive processes are utilized in the development of new ideas, conventional methodologies do not take human cognition into account. However, it is conceivable that if one could determine how cognitive processes are stimulated, then more effective conceptual design methods could be developed. In this paper, we develop a Cognitive Model of Creative Conceptual Design to capture the relationship between the properties that stimulate cognitive processes and the design operations that facilitate cognitive processes. Through cognitive modeling, protocol analysis, and cognitive experiments, this research showed that designers exhibit patterns of creative design behavior, and that these patterns can be captured and instilled into the design process, to promote creativity.

Modeling cognition in SI

Interpreting ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-117
Author(s):  
Deryle Lonsdale
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Model System ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Simultaneous Interpretation ◽  
The Future

In this paper we discuss methodological issues pertaining to cognitive modeling of simultaneous interpretation. We briefly introduce the notion of cognition and efforts to model aspects of language-related processing. Previous work identifying cognitive processes in SI is sampled, and empirical SI studies are also mentioned. A rationale for modeling SI cognition follows, and relevant issues are sketched: whom to model, system dynamics, applicable technologies, and various possible processing scenarios. A discussion of evaluation considerations and requisite data resources follows. Throughout, we raise questions that must be addressed by the SI community, among both researchers and practitioners, if modeling SI is to be successfully realized in the future.

Separation of low-level and high-level factors in complex tasks: Visual search.

1995 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson S. Geisler ◽  
Kee-Lee Chou
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Cognitive Modeling in Intelligence Research: Advantages and Recommendations for their Application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidon T. Frischkorn ◽  
Anna-Lena Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
General Intelligence

Mathematical models of cognition measure individual differences in cognitive processes, such as processing speed, working memory capacity, and executive functions, that may underlie general intelligence. As such, cognitive models allow identifying associations between specific cognitive processes and tracking the effect of experimental interventions aimed at the enhancement of intelligence on mediating process parameters. Moreover, cognitive models provide an explicit theoretical formalization of theories regarding specific cognitive process that may help overcoming ambiguities in the interpretation of fuzzy verbal theories. In this paper, we give an overview of the advantages of cognitive modeling in intelligence research and present models in the domains of processing speed, working memory, and selective attention that may be of particular interest for intelligence research. Moreover, we provide guidelines for the application of cognitive models in intelligence research, including data collection, the evaluation of model fit, and statistical analyses.

scholarly journals Exemplar-based judgment or direct recall: On a problematic procedure for estimating parameters in exemplar models of quantitative judgment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Izydorczyk ◽  
Arndt Bröder
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Parameter Recovery ◽  
Exemplar Models ◽  
Modeling Procedure ◽  
Direct Recall

AbstractExemplar models are often used in research on multiple-cue judgments to describe the underlying process of participants’ responses. In these experiments, participants are repeatedly presented with the same exemplars (e.g., poisonous bugs) and instructed to memorize these exemplars and their corresponding criterion values (e.g., the toxicity of a bug). We propose that there are two possible outcomes when participants judge one of the already learned exemplars in some later block of the experiment. They either have memorized the exemplar and their respective criterion value and are thus able to recall the exact value, or they have not learned the exemplar and thus have to judge its criterion value, as if it was a new stimulus. We argue that psychologically, the judgments of participants in a multiple-cue judgment experiment are a mixture of these two qualitatively distinct cognitive processes: judgment and recall. However, the cognitive modeling procedure usually applied does not make any distinction between these processes and the data generated by them. We investigated potential effects of disregarding the distinction between these two processes on the parameter recovery and the model fit of one exemplar model. We present results of a simulation as well as the reanalysis of five experimental data sets showing that the current combination of experimental design and modeling procedure can bias parameter estimates, impair their validity, and negatively affect the fit and predictive performance of the model. We also present a latent-mixture extension of the original model as a possible solution to these issues.

scholarly journals Representing Harmony in Computational Music Cognition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. C. Harrison ◽  
Marcus Thomas Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Music Cognition ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Roman Numeral ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lead Sheet

Cognitive theories of harmony require unambiguous formal models of how listeners internally represent chords and chord progressions. Previous modeling work often uses representation schemes heavily reliant on Western music theory, such as Roman-numeral and lead-sheet notation; however, we argue that such work should be complemented by models using representations that are closer to psychoacoustics and rely less on Western-specific assumptions. In support of this goal, we compile a network of 13 low-level harmonic representations relevant for cognitive modeling, organised into three symbolic, acoustic, and sensory categories. We implement this collection of representations in an easy-to-use object-oriented framework written for the programming language R and distributed in an open-source package called hrep (http://hrep.pmcharrison.com). We also discuss computational methods for deriving higher-level representations from these low-level representations. This work should ultimately help researchers to construct high-level models of harmony cognition that are nonetheless rooted in low-level auditory principles.

Appreciation Modes in Empirical Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Reber
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
Aesthetic Pleasure ◽  
Final Mode

There are three main modes of appreciation of aesthetic objects. The first is the appreciation of aesthetic pleasure, most often beauty. A simple account of the experience of beauty is the fluency theory of aesthetic pleasure. A more complex account assumes that there are two levels of aesthetic pleasure, a shallow one based on low-level experiences like fluency, and a deep level where disfluency leads to interest. The second mode of appreciation pertains to emotions experienced in response to an artwork, as illustrated by the distancing–embracing model of aesthetic emotions. The final mode of appreciation includes understanding an artwork. Cognitive models of artistic understanding assume that processes of perception, memory, and interpretation determine cognitive mastery. From the humanities tradition, cognitive models have been criticized because they neglect the historical context of the creation of the artwork as an objective component to understanding. A recent model combines art-historical context with cognitive processes and claims that such artistic understanding is essential to aesthetic appreciation.

Cognitive Modeling of Dilution Effects in Visual Search

2012 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Kleanthis C. Neokleous ◽  
Marios N. Avraamides ◽  
Costas K. Neocleous ◽  
Christos N. Schizas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Dilution Effects
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