The impact of punishment on cognitive control in a clinical population characterized by heightened punishment sensitivity.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. King ◽  
Senne Braem ◽  
Franziska M. Korb ◽  
Laura-Sophie Diekmann ◽  
Veit Roessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Punishment Sensitivity Predicts the Impact of Punishment on Cognitive Control

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e74106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senne Braem ◽  
Wout Duthoo ◽  
Wim Notebaert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of TMS‐enhanced cognitive control on forgiveness processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz J. Maier ◽  
David Rosenbaum ◽  
Martin Brüne ◽  
Andreas J. Fallgatter ◽  
Ann‐Christine Ehlis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Impact

Genetic Variation of Serotonin Function and Cognitive Control

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Thomas Goschke ◽  
Burkhard Brocke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Personality

Although it is widely accepted that serotonin plays a pivotal role in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-related personality traits as well as in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and depression, the role of serotonin in cognition is less clear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of serotonin in cognitive behaviors by examining the impact of genetic variation in key regulators of serotonergic neurotransmission on behavioral measures in a cognitive control task. Eighty-five healthy participants performed a cued continuous performance task (the AX Continuous Performance Task [AXCPT]) and were genotyped for polymorphisms in the transcriptional control regions of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2 G-703T; rs4570625) and the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). The core result was that individuals lacking the rare TPH2 T allele were not faster than T allele carriers, but committed fewer errors and were less variable in responding. These findings parallel those of a recent study where an enhancement of executive control in individuals without the rare TPH2 T/T genotype was observed. Together with recent evidence that individuals without the T allele exhibit higher scores in anxiety- and depression-related personality traits, our results underscore the role of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism in the modulation of behavior and raise the intriguing possibility that genetic variants associated with higher negative emotionality may have beneficial effects on some cognitive functions.

How to Use This Manual

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Heather Thompson-Brenner ◽  
Melanie Smith ◽  
Gayle Brooks ◽  
Rebecca Berman ◽  
Angela Kaloudis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

The authors have designed this manual to be utilized in many settings and modalities, by therapists from various disciplines, and at any frequency of session scheduling to facilitate use by the broadest range of therapists and clients. Research on implementation suggests that evidence-based interventions need to be adapted to the particular needs of a clinical population and setting to be maximally effective. Clinicians may share the impact that a part of a session has had on them or otherwise disclose their experience in the here and now. In the face of troubled emotions and the impulse to avoid, clients may employ “strategies of disconnection,” which may involve withdrawal, anger, or displays of emotional dysregulation. This treatment focuses on emotions and experiences that are by definition difficult for clients to tolerate, and clinicians may also have strong reactions to this process.

The Impact of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Affective Learning and Cognitive Control

Mindfulness ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hunsinger ◽  
Robert Livingston ◽  
Linda Isbell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Affective Learning ◽  
Loving Kindness ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Corticostriatal oscillations predict high vs. low drinkers in a preclinical model of limited access alcohol consumption

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Henricks ◽  
Lucas L. Dwiel ◽  
Nicholas H. Deveau ◽  
Amanda A. Simon ◽  
Metztli J. Ruiz-Jaquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Shell ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corticostriatal Circuit

AbstractIndividuals differ in their vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence that are determined by innate and environmental factors. The corticostriatal circuit is heavily involved in the development of alcohol dependence and may contain neural information regarding vulnerability to drink excessively. In the current experiment, we hypothesized that we could characterize high and low alcohol-drinking rats (HD and LD, respectively) based on corticostriatal oscillations, and that these subgroups would differentially respond to corticostriatal brain stimulation. Rats were trained to drink 10% alcohol in a limited access paradigm. In separate sessions, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=13). Based on training alcohol consumption levels, we classified rats using a median split as HD or LD. Then, using machine-learning, we built predictive models to classify rats as HD or LD by corticostriatal LFPs and compared the model performance from real data to the performance of models built on data permutations. Additionally, we explored the impact of NAcSh or mPFC stimulation on alcohol consumption in HD vs. LD. Corticostriatal LFPs were able predict HD vs. LD group classification with greater accuracy than expected by chance (>80% accuracy). Additionally, NAcSh stimulation significantly reduced alcohol consumption in HD, but not LD (p<0.05), while mPFC stimulation did not alter drinking behavior in either HD or LD (p>0.05). These data collectively show that the corticostriatal circuit is differentially involved in regulating alcohol intake in HD vs. LD rats, and suggests that corticostriatal activity may have the potential to predict a vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence in a clinical population.

scholarly journals Preprint: The impact of cognitive control, incentives, and working memory load on the P3 responses of externalizing prisoners

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle Baskin–Sommers ◽  
Elizabeth A. Krusemark ◽  
John Joseph Curtin ◽  
Christopher Lee ◽  
Aleice Vujnovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Process Level ◽  
Global Reduction ◽  
Back Task

The P3 amplitude reduction is one of the most common correlates of externalizing. However, few studies have used experimental manipulations designed to challenge different cognitive functions in order to clarify the processes that impact this reduction. To examine factors moderating P3 amplitude in trait externalizing, we administered an n-back task that manipulated cognitive control demands, working memory load, and incentives to a sample of male offenders. Offenders with high trait externalizing scores did not display a global reduction in P3 amplitude. Rather, the negative association between trait externalizing and P3 amplitude was specific to trials involving inhibition of a dominant response during infrequent stimuli, in the context of low working memory load, and incentives for performance. In addition, we discuss the potential implications of these findings for externalizing-related psychopathologies. The results complement and expand previous work on the process-level dysfunction contributing to externalizing-related deficits in P3.

scholarly journals A community-engaged protocol for evaluating environmental toxicants in a U.S. border community: the public health impacts of perchlorate and pesticide exposure (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Trotter II ◽  
Julie Baldwin ◽  
Charles Loren Buck ◽  
Mark Remiker ◽  
Amanda Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Health History ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Water ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Health Equity Research (CHER) is conducting community-engaged health research “environmental toxicant scans” in the Yuma County (Yuma, Somerton, San Luis) regions in collaboration with community health stakeholders including the Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC), the Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. (RCBH), Campesinos sin Fronteras (CSF), the Yuma County Public Health District, and government agencies and NGO’s working on border health issues. OBJECTIVE We set out to construct a joint community/university effort to examine human exposures to the water-soluble contaminant perchlorate and to agricultural pesticides. This project includes development of a new animal model for investigation of mechanisms of toxicity following a “one health” approach. The ultimate goal of this community-engaged effort is to develop interventions to reduce exposures and health impacts of contaminants in Yuma populations. METHODS All participants completed the informed consent process, which included information on the purposes of the study, a request for access to health history and medical records data, and an interview. The interview included questions related to: 1) demographics, 2) social determinants of health, 3) health screening (e.g., family history of diseases), 4) occupation and environmental exposure to perchlorate and pesticides, and 5) access to health services. Each participant provided a hair sample for quantification of metals used in pesticides, a urine sample for perchlorate quantification, and a blood sample for endocrine assays. Data are modeled with measured levels of contaminants and hormones, and health status of the clinical population; data from the clinical population are compared to results from the general population. In parallel, an animal model for the impact of perchlorate and toxic metal exposure is being established through the collection of rodents that live near residences, farms, and local water sources. RESULTS We recruited, consented, enrolled, and surveyed 323 adults currently residing in Yuma County over a period of one year. One hundred and forty-seven residents are patients from either YRMC or RCBH with a primary diagnosis of thyroid disease, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, or goiter. The remaining 176 participants are from the general population but with no history of thyroid disorder. All participants completed the informed consent process, which included information on the purposes of the study, a request for access to health history and medical records data, and an interview. In parallel, an animal model for the impact of perchlorate and toxic metal exposure is being established through the collection of rodents that live near residences, farms, and local water sources. We are measuring perchlorate and toxic metals in tissues and examining the same health outcomes as with people (endocrine disruption), plus organ-specific histopathology, gene expression, and lipid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Findings will elucidate mechanisms of toxicity and the population health effects of contaminants, as well as provide a new animal model to develop precision medicine capabilities for the population. CLINICALTRIAL not a clinical trial

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