scholarly journals Genetic overlap between personality and risk for disordered gambling: Evidence from a national community-based Australian twin study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Seung Bin Cho ◽  
Thomas M. Piasecki ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
National Community ◽  
Genetic Overlap

scholarly journals Shared Genetic Vulnerability for Disordered Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder in Men and Women: Evidence from a National Community-Based Australian Twin Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Jarrod M. Ellingson ◽  
Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd ◽  
Gu Zhu ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Community ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Shared Genetic

Disordered gambling (DG) will soon be included along with the substance use disorders in a revised diagnostic category of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 called ‘Substance Use and Addictive Disorders’. This was premised in part on the common etiologies of DG and the substance use disorders. Using data from the national community-based Australian Twin Registry, we used biometric model fitting to examine the extent to which the genetic liabilities for DG and alcohol use disorder (AUD) were shared, and whether this differed for men and women. The effect of using categorical versus dimensional DG and AUD phenotypes was explored, as was the effect of using diagnoses based on the DSM-IV and the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The genetic correlations between DG and AUD ranged from 0.29 to 0.44. There was a significantly larger genetic correlation between DG and AUD among men than women when using dimensional phenotypes. Overall, about one-half to two-thirds of the association between DG and AUD was due to a shared genetic vulnerability. This study represents one of the few empirical demonstrations of an overlap in the genetic risk for DG and another substance-related addictive disorder. More research is needed on the genetic overlap between DG and other substance use disorders, as well as the genetic overlap between DG and other (non-substance-related) psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals An Epidemiologic and Behavioral Genetic Investigation of the Co-Occurrence of Gambling Disorder and Suicidality in Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Christal Davis ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Michael Lynskey ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Temporal Relation ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Community ◽  
Underlying Causes

Individuals with a gambling disorder are more likely to engage in suicidal behaviors, but it is not yet clear whether this is due to common etiologic factors or to gambling disorder being causally related to suicidality. In a large national community-based twin sample, the temporal relation and the underlying causes of the association between gambling disorder and suicidality were examined. In the majority of instances of co-occurring gambling disorder and suicidality, suicidality actually preceded the onset of gambling disorder. The association between disordered gambling and suicidality was due to overlapping genetic influences among women (rg = 0.42 [0.23 to 0.82]), but due to overlapping unique environmental influences among men (re = 0.26 [0.03 to 0.48]). These results suggest that whereas the association may be primarily due to common etiologic factors among women, gambling disorder may be causally related to suicidality among some men. Potential mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed.

scholarly journals De esclavos a ciudadanos y malentretenidos. Representaciones del negro en el discurso jurídico colombiano del siglo XIX

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Isabel Rosas Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black People ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
National Community ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Siglo Xix

Mediante una narrativa historiográfica elaborada a partir de textos legales, el presente documento pretende interpretar las ausencias y presencias del negro en el discurso jurídico decimonónico producido una vez obtenida la independencia de España en los albores del siglo XIX. Teniendo en cuenta que la imaginación del Estado republicano representó un desafío para las elites criollas, las cuales —pese a predicar retóricamente la consolidación de una comunidad nacional basada en la igualdad y la democracia— construyeron una idea de Nación sobre los basamentos ideológicos coloniales, perpetuados en la repulsión elitista hacia la masa o plebe, lo que a la postre produjo su exclusión de la promisoria modernidad.  From Slaves to Citizens and Vagabonds. Representations of Blackness in the Colombian Legal Discourse during the 19th CenturyAbstractThrough a historiographical narrative drawn from legal texts, this paper aims to interpret the absence and presence of black people in the nineteenth-century legal discourse produced once the independence of Spain was obtained in the early nineteenth century. Considering that the imagination of a State Republican represented a challenge for the local elites, —which despite of  preaching rhetorically the consolidation of a national community based on the equality and the democracy— constructed an idea of Nation on the ideological colonial basements perpetuated in the elitist repulsion towards the mass or populace, which at last produced his exclusion of the promissory modernity.   Keywords: slaves, Independence, citizenship, assimilation, exclusion

scholarly journals Does Variance in Drinking Motives Explain the Genetic Overlap Between Personality and Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms? A Twin Study of Young Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2242-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Littlefield ◽  
Arpana Agrawal ◽  
Jarrod M. Ellingson ◽  
Sean Kristjansson ◽  
Pamela A. F. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Genetic Overlap

scholarly journals Demographics of wheelchair users in France: Results of national community-based handicaps-incapacités-dépendance surveys

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Vignier ◽  
JF Ravaud ◽  
M Winance ◽  
FX Lepoutre ◽  
I Ville
Keyword(s):  
Community Based ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
National Community

scholarly journals Snakebite Epidemiology in Bangladesh—A National Community Based Health and Injury Survey

Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Hossain ◽  
Animesh Biswas ◽  
Fazlur Rahman ◽  
Saidur Rahman Mashreky ◽  
Koustv Dalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Based ◽  
National Community
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