scholarly journals Shared Genetic Vulnerability for Disordered Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder in Men and Women: Evidence from a National Community-Based Australian Twin Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Jarrod M. Ellingson ◽  
Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd ◽  
Gu Zhu ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Community ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Shared Genetic

Disordered gambling (DG) will soon be included along with the substance use disorders in a revised diagnostic category of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 called ‘Substance Use and Addictive Disorders’. This was premised in part on the common etiologies of DG and the substance use disorders. Using data from the national community-based Australian Twin Registry, we used biometric model fitting to examine the extent to which the genetic liabilities for DG and alcohol use disorder (AUD) were shared, and whether this differed for men and women. The effect of using categorical versus dimensional DG and AUD phenotypes was explored, as was the effect of using diagnoses based on the DSM-IV and the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The genetic correlations between DG and AUD ranged from 0.29 to 0.44. There was a significantly larger genetic correlation between DG and AUD among men than women when using dimensional phenotypes. Overall, about one-half to two-thirds of the association between DG and AUD was due to a shared genetic vulnerability. This study represents one of the few empirical demonstrations of an overlap in the genetic risk for DG and another substance-related addictive disorder. More research is needed on the genetic overlap between DG and other substance use disorders, as well as the genetic overlap between DG and other (non-substance-related) psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorders and Associated Factors Among Adult Psychiatric Patients in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017. Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117955732198969
Author(s):  
Badiru Dawud ◽  
Eyerusalem Yeshigeta ◽  
Alemayehu Negash ◽  
Almaz Mamaru ◽  
Liyew Agenagnew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Substance use disorders are more common among people with mental illness than in the general population. It makes recovery from mental illness more difficult, leads to frequent thoughts of suicide and re-hospitalization. Objective: Aimed to assess the prevalence of substance use disorders and associated factors among adult psychiatric patients in Jimma Town, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 300 patients with mental illness using the case tracing method. Participants were interviewed using the alcohol use disorder identification test questionnaire to assess Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Fagerstrom test tool for nicotine dependence and structured questionnaires were utilized to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The variable that showed association with AUD and nicotine dependence at P < .25 in the bivariate analysis was entered into multivariable logistic regressions to control confounders for both outcome variables independently. The significance of association was determined by P < .05 and strength was described using an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence was 14.3% and 23.3%, respectively. Female gender (AOR 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04-0.57), starting treatment within the first month of the onset of the illness (AOR 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05-0.82) and nicotine dependence(AOR 4.84, 95% CI = 1.85-12.67) associated with AUD. Additionally, being female (AOR 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01-0.25), joblessness (AOR 3.05, 95% CI = 1.30-7.16), absence of relapse of illness (AOR 0.18, 95% CI = 0.065-0.503), no improvement in illness (AOR 5.3, 95% CI = 1.70-16.50), and current khat use (AOR 3.09, 95% CI = 1.21-7.90) were associated with nicotine dependence. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of substance use disorders among psychiatric patients in the community. Being female, experiencing a shorter duration of illness before initiating treatment, and nicotine-dependence were significantly associated with AUD. On the other hand, female sex and absence of relapse of illness were negatively associated with nicotine dependence whereas, joblessness, less improvement of illness, and khat chewing were positively associated with it. Therefore, services on substance use disorders have to be extended to the community level with wide-scale training for the town’s health care providers, including health extension workers who have direct contact with these individuals. Accordingly, comprehensive and suitable interventions were advised to be provided on factors contributing to substance use disorders in general.

scholarly journals Genetic overlap between personality and risk for disordered gambling: Evidence from a national community-based Australian twin study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Seung Bin Cho ◽  
Thomas M. Piasecki ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
National Community ◽  
Genetic Overlap

scholarly journals An Epidemiologic and Behavioral Genetic Investigation of the Co-Occurrence of Gambling Disorder and Suicidality in Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Christal Davis ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Michael Lynskey ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Temporal Relation ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Community ◽  
Underlying Causes

Individuals with a gambling disorder are more likely to engage in suicidal behaviors, but it is not yet clear whether this is due to common etiologic factors or to gambling disorder being causally related to suicidality. In a large national community-based twin sample, the temporal relation and the underlying causes of the association between gambling disorder and suicidality were examined. In the majority of instances of co-occurring gambling disorder and suicidality, suicidality actually preceded the onset of gambling disorder. The association between disordered gambling and suicidality was due to overlapping genetic influences among women (rg = 0.42 [0.23 to 0.82]), but due to overlapping unique environmental influences among men (re = 0.26 [0.03 to 0.48]). These results suggest that whereas the association may be primarily due to common etiologic factors among women, gambling disorder may be causally related to suicidality among some men. Potential mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorders in Men Presenting to a Psychosexual Clinic

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ravi Philip Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Current

Introduction. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are commonly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Community-based studies have found a significant association between SUDs and sexual dysfunction in men, with a possible causal relation in the case of nicotine. Methods. The case records of 105 men presenting to a clinic for patients with psychosexual disorders were reviewed. Men with and without comorbid SUDs were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and familial variables. Results. 25 of the 105 men (23.8%) had a lifetime diagnosis of SUD, and 19 (18.1%) had a current SUD. The commonest substances involved were nicotine (n = 21, 20%) and alcohol (n = 9, 9.5%). Men with comorbid SUDs were more likely to report a family history of substance dependence, particularly alcoholism. Single men with SUDs were more likely to have a comorbid mood disorder. Conclusion. SUDs, particularly nicotine and alcohol use disorders, are common comorbidities in patients with psychosexual disorders. Identifying and treating these disorders in this population are important aspects of management.

Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorders among Emerging Adults

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Smith ◽  
Kyle M. Bennett ◽  
Michael L. Dennis ◽  
Rodney Funk
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Symptom Patterns ◽  
Using Data

Several challenges may hinder accurate screening for and assessment of substance use disorders among emerging adults ages 18–29. This chapter discusses emerging adult–specific research on diagnosing substance use disorders and several empirically supported screeners and assessments that may be useful to those working with emerging adults. First, emerging adult–specific research supporting changes to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, the DSM-5, is reviewed, and nuances in using the DSM-5 with emerging adults are discussed. The chapter highlights idiosyncrasies in emerging adult symptom patterns using data from large national surveys. Finally, a practice-friendly review of screening and assessment instruments commonly used with emerging adults is provided. For screening instruments, administration time, the instrument’s ability to discern which emerging adults exhibit substance use problems, and emerging adult–specific cutoff points in the literature are addressed. For assessment tools, comprehensiveness of the instrument, administration time, and contexts in which the instrument has been used with emerging adults are discussed.

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