scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, and frequency of forgetting in older adults.

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Szabo ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Kirk I. Erickson ◽  
Michelle Voss ◽  
Ruchika S. Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Hippocampal Volume

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory fitness and hippocampal volume predict faster episodic associative learning in older adults

Hippocampus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Cole ◽  
Eliot Hazeltine ◽  
Timothy B. Weng ◽  
Conner Wharff ◽  
Lyndsey E. DuBose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Hippocampal Volume

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts greater hippocampal volume and rate of episodic associative learning in older adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Cole ◽  
Eliot Hazeltine ◽  
Timothy B. Weng ◽  
Conner Wharff ◽  
Lyndsey E. DuBose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Learning Rate ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

ABSTRACTDeclining episodic memory is common among otherwise healthy older adults, in part due to negative effects of aging on hippocampal circuits. However, there is significant variability between individuals in severity of aging effects on the hippocampus and subsequent memory decline. Importantly, variability may be influenced by modifiable protective physiological factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). More research is needed to better understand which aspects of cognition that decline with aging benefit most from CRF. The current study evaluated the relation of CRF with learning rate in the Episodic Associative Learning (EAL) task, a task designed specifically to target hippocampal-dependent relational binding and to evaluate learning with repeated occurrences. Results show that higher CRF was associated with larger hippocampal volume and faster learning rate. Larger hippocampal volume was also associated with faster learning rate, and hippocampal volume partially mediated the relationship between CRF and learning rate. Further, to support the distinction between learning item relations and learning higher-order sequences, which declines with aging but is largely reliant on extra-hippocampal learning systems, we found that EAL learning rate was not related to motor sequence learning on the alternating serial reaction time task. Motor sequence learning was also not correlated with hippocampal volume. Thus, for the first time we show that higher CRF in healthy older adults is related to enhanced rate of relational memory acquisition, in part mediated by benefits on the hippocampus.

The Role of Race in Relations of Social Support to Hippocampal Volumes Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752110172
Author(s):  
Desirée C. Bygrave ◽  
Constance S. Gerassimakis ◽  
Denée T. Mwendwa ◽  
Guray Erus ◽  
Christos Davatzikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
African American Older Adults

Evidence suggests social support may buffer brain pathology. However, neither its association with hippocampal volume, a marker of Alzheimer’s disease risk, nor the role of race in this association has been fully investigated. Multiple regression analyses examined relations of total social support to magnetic resonance imaging-assessed gray matter (GM) hippocampal volumes in the total sample ( n = 165; mean age = 68.48 year), and in race-stratified models of African American and White older adults, adjusting for select covariates. Results showed greater social support was associated with greater GM hippocampal volumes among African American older adults only ( p < .01). Our findings suggest greater total social support may play a role in supporting the hippocampus, particularly among African American older adults, who had lower hippocampal volumes than their White counterparts. Further research is needed to test these questions longitudinally and examine which aspects of social support may promote hippocampal integrity, specifically.

Neurocognitive Plasticity Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Physical Exercise in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Galit Yogev-Seligmann ◽  
Tamir Eisenstein ◽  
Elissa Ash ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
Haggai Sharon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Memory Encoding

Background: Aerobic training has been shown to promote structural and functional neurocognitive plasticity in cognitively intact older adults. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of aerobic exercise in individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia. Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of aerobic exercise intervention and cardiorespiratory fitness improvement on brain and cognitive functions in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: 27 participants with aMCI were randomized to either aerobic training (n = 13) or balance and toning (BAT) control group (n = 14) for a 16-week intervention. Pre- and post-assessments included functional MRI experiments of brain activation during associative memory encoding and neural synchronization during complex information processing, cognitive evaluation using neuropsychological tests, and cardiorespiratory fitness assessment. Results: The aerobic group demonstrated increased frontal activity during memory encoding and increased neural synchronization in higher-order cognitive regions such as the frontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) following the intervention. In contrast, the BAT control group demonstrated decreased brain activity during memory encoding, primarily in occipital, temporal, and parietal areas. Increases in cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with increases in brain activation in both the left inferior frontal and precentral gyri. Furthermore, changes in cardiorespiratory fitness were also correlated with changes in performance on several neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training may result in functional plasticity of high-order cognitive areas, especially, frontal regions, among older adults at risk of AD and dementia. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory fitness may be an important mediating factor of the observed changes in neurocognitive functions.

Does a Multicomponent Exercise Program Improve Physical Fitness in Older Adults? Findings From a 5-Year Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andréa Kruger Gonçalves ◽  
Eliane Mattana Griebler ◽  
Wagner Albo da Silva ◽  
Débora Pastoriza Sant´Helena ◽  
Priscilla Cardoso da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Multicomponent Program ◽  
Post Hoc

The objective was to assess the physical fitness of older adults participating in a 5-year multicomponent exercise program. The sample consisted of 138 older adults aged 60–93 years (70.4 ± 7.8 years) evaluated with the Senior Fitness Test (muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and cardiorespiratory fitness). The multicomponent program was carried out between the months of March and November of each year. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (factor year: Year 1, Year 2, Year 3, Year 4, and Year 5; factor time: pretest and posttest) with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Participation in the multicomponent exercise program for 5 years (baseline pretest Year 1 and follow-up Year 5) improved lower and upper limb strength, lower limb flexibility, and balance and cardiorespiratory fitness, while upper limb flexibility was maintained. Year-by-year analysis revealed variable patterns for each fitness parameter. The results of this study show the potential benefits of implementing a long-term community-based exercise program.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, EXERCISE, AND AMYLOID BURDEN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S610-S610
Author(s):  
Amber Watts ◽  
Eric Vidoni ◽  
Jill Morris ◽  
Mark Perry ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Abstract Exercise is a promising strategy for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid neuroimaging can identify individuals at risk of developing AD prior to displaying symptoms. We screened adults (65+) with Florbetapir PET imaging and a comprehensive cognitive battery. We randomized 117 participants with normal cognition into a 52-week aerobic exercise program to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance. We compared an intensive exercise treatment group to a standard of care control group. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks in the domains of verbal memory, visuospatial processing, attention, and executive function. Interim results on 87 participants show cardiorespiratory fitness improved in the exercise group vs. control group (t=3.66(81), p&lt; .001). The degree of change in cardiorespiratory fitness did not differ between those with and without elevated amyloid (t=-0.37(81), p=.710). Greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness predicted better performance on cognitive tests including trailmaking test, Stroop test, and digit symbol substitution test, which did not differ by amyloid status. Elevated amyloid levels predicted lower cognitive scores in logical memory, space relations, and identical pictures test. Our findings suggest PET imaging is a valid marker of cognitive performance in non-impaired older adults, and that this pre-clinical amyloid status did not reduce the cognitive benefits of exercise for those who improved in cardiorespiratory fitness. Exercise interventions hold promise for cognitive maintenance among pre-symptomatic older adults with elevated amyloid levels. Finally, results highlight the importance of evaluating multiple cognitive domains which are associated differently with exercise and amyloid status.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cognitive Flexibility in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Said Mekari ◽  
Heather F. Neyedli ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
Myles W. O’Brien ◽  
Ricardo Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Introduction: Regular aerobic exercise is associated with better executive function in older adults. It is unclear if high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) elicits moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or resistance training (RT). We hypothesized that HIIT would augment executive function more than MICT and RT. Methods: Sixty-nine older adults (age: 68 ± 7 years) performed six weeks (three days/week) of HIIT (2 × 20 min bouts alternating between 15 s intervals at 100% of peak power output (PPO) and passive recovery (0% PPO); n = 24), MICT (34 min at 60% PPO; n = 19), or whole-body RT (eight exercise superior improvements in executive function of older adults than moderate-intensity-continuous-training, 2 × 10 repetitions; n = 26). Cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., V˙O2max) and executive function were assessed before and after each intervention via a progressive maximal cycle ergometer protocol and the Stroop Task, respectively. Results: The V˙O2max findings revealed a significant group by time interaction (p = 0.001) in which all groups improved following training, but HIIT and MICT improved more than RT. From pre- to post-training, no interaction in the naming condition of the Stroop Task was observed (p > 0.10). However, interaction from pre- to post-training by group was observed, and only the HIIT group exhibited a faster reaction time (from 1250 ± 50 to 1100 ± 50 ms; p < 0.001) in switching (cognitive flexibility). Conclusion: Despite similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT, but not MICT nor RT, enhanced cognitive flexibility in older adults. Exercise programs should consider using HIIT protocols in an effort to combat cognitive decline in older adults.

Biological and Neuroimaging Markers as Predictors of 5-Year Incident Frailty in Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the MAPT Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Hsuan Lu ◽  
Philipe de Souto Barreto ◽  
Yves Rolland ◽  
Ali Bouyahia ◽  
Clara Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the predictive value of biological and neuroimaging markers to determine incident frailty among older people for a period of 5 years. Methods We included 1394 adults aged 70 years and older from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial, who were not frail at baseline (according to Fried’s criteria) and who had at least 1 post-baseline measurement of frailty. Participants who progressed to frailty during the 5-year follow-up were categorized as “incident frailty” and those who remained non-frail were categorized as “without frailty.” The differences of baseline biochemical factors (25-hydroxyvitamin D, homocysteine, omega-3 index, C-reactive protein), other biological markers (Apolipoprotein E genotypes, amyloid-β deposits), and neuroimaging data (gray matter volume, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities) were compared between groups. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the associations between biomarkers and incident frailty. Results A total of 195 participants (14.0%) became frail over 5 years. Although 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, homocysteine levels, low-grade inflammation (persistently increased C-reactive protein 3–10 mg/L), gray matter, and hippocampal volume were significantly associated with incident frailty in unadjusted models, these associations disappeared after adjustment for age, sex, and other confounders. Omega-3 index was the sole marker that presented a trend of association with incident frailty (hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.83–1.01; p = .082). Conclusions This study failed to identify biomarkers able to predict frailty incidence in community-dwelling older adults for a period of 5 years. Further longitudinal research with multiple measurements of biomarkers and frailty is needed to evaluate the long-term relationships between changes in biomarkers levels and frailty evolution.

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