On the flexibility of grammatical advance planning during sentence production: Effects of cognitive load on multiple lexical access.

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Wagner ◽  
Jörg D. Jescheniak ◽  
Herbert Schriefers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Advance Planning ◽  
Production Effects

Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

Phonological advance planning in sentence production: The case of the verb

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Jescheniak ◽  
F. Oppermann ◽  
H. Schriefers ◽  
J. Klaus ◽  
M. Berwig
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Production ◽  
Advance Planning

Phonological advance planning during sentence production

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorg D. Jescheniak ◽  
Frank Oppermann ◽  
Herbert Schriefers
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Production ◽  
Advance Planning

Phonological Advance Planning in Sentence Production: The Case of The Verb

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorg D. Jescheniak ◽  
Frank Oppermann ◽  
Herbert Schriefers ◽  
Jana Klaus ◽  
Martin Berwig
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Production ◽  
Advance Planning

scholarly journals The language network supports both lexical access and sentence generation during language production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hu ◽  
Hannah Small ◽  
Hope Kean ◽  
Atsushi Takahashi ◽  
Leo Zekelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Sentence Generation ◽  
Knowledge Representations ◽  
Syntactic Cues ◽  
Language Network

AbstractA network of left frontal and temporal brain regions has long been implicated in language comprehension and production. However, because of relatively fewer investigations of language production, the precise role of this ‘language network’ in production-related cognitive processes remains debated. Across four fMRI experiments that use picture naming/description to mimic the translation of conceptual representations into words and sentences, we characterize the response of the language regions to production demands. In line with prior studies, sentence production elicited strong responses throughout the language network. Further, we report three novel results. First, we demonstrate that production-related responses in the language network are robust to output modality (speaking vs. typing). Second, the language regions respond to both lexical access and sentence-generation demands. This pattern implies strong integration between lexico-semantic and combinatorial processes, mirroring the picture that has emerged in language comprehension. Finally, some have previously hypothesized the existence of production-selective mechanisms given that syntactic encoding is a critical part of sentence production, whereas comprehension is possible even when syntactic cues are degraded or absent. Contrary to this hypothesis, we find no evidence of brain regions that selectively support sentence generation. Instead, language regions respond overall more strongly during production than during comprehension, which suggests that production incurs a greater cost for the language network. Together, these results align with the idea that language comprehension and production draw on the same knowledge representations, which are stored in the language-selective network and are used both to interpret linguistic input and generate linguistic output.

scholarly journals The role of explicit memory in syntactic persistence: Effects of lexical cueing and load on sentence memory and sentence production

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0240909
Author(s):  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Sarah Bernolet ◽  
Robert J. Hartsuiker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Structural Priming ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Memory Mechanism ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Syntactic Persistence

Speakers’ memory of sentence structure can persist and modulate the syntactic choices of subsequent utterances (i.e., structural priming). Much research on structural priming posited a multifactorial account by which an implicit learning process and a process related to explicit memory jointly contribute to the priming effect. Here, we tested two predictions from that account: (1) that lexical repetition facilitates the retrieval of sentence structures from memory; (2) that priming is partly driven by a short-term explicit memory mechanism with limited resources. In two pairs of structural priming and sentence structure memory experiments, we examined the effects of structural priming and its modulation by lexical repetition as a function of cognitive load in native Dutch speakers. Cognitive load was manipulated by interspersing the prime and target trials with easy or difficult mathematical problems. Lexical repetition boosted both structural priming (Experiments 1a–2a) and memory for sentence structure (Experiments 1b–2b) and did so with a comparable magnitude. In Experiment 1, there were no load effects, but in Experiment 2, with a stronger manipulation of load, both the priming and memory effects were reduced with a larger cognitive load. The findings support an explicit memory mechanism in structural priming that is cue-dependent and attention-demanding, consistent with a multifactorial account of structural priming.

scholarly journals Advance planning in written and spoken sentence production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Roeser ◽  
Mark Torrance ◽  
Thom Baguley
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Specific Requirement ◽  
Image Description ◽  
Lexical Priming ◽  
Response Onset ◽  
Advance Planning

Response onset latencies for spoken sentences that start with a conjoined noun phrase are typically longer than for sentences starting with a simple noun phrase. This is consistent with advance retrieval of syntactic frames independently of lexical retrieval. Alternatively, planning may be lexically driven and planning beyond the initial noun is merely a modality-specific requirement of speech. In three image-description experiments (Ns = 32) subjects produced sentences with simple and conjoined initial noun phrases in both speech and writing. Production onset latencies and participants' eye movements were recorded. Ease of lexical retrieval of sentences' second nouns was assessed by manipulating codability (Experiment 1) and by lexical priming (Experiments 2 and 3). Findings confirmed a modality-independent phrasal scope for advance planning but did not support obligatory lexical retrieval beyond the sentence-initial noun. This research represents the first direct experimental comparison of sentence planning in speech and writing.

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