Visual analysis of single-case intervention research: Conceptual and methodological issues.

2014 ◽  
pp. 91-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Horner ◽  
Christopher M. Swoboda
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Methodological Issues

A Pilot Study of Early Storybook Reading With Babies With Hearing Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3397-3412
Author(s):  
Michelle I. Brown ◽  
David Trembath ◽  
Marleen F. Westerveld ◽  
Gail T. Gillon
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Storybook Reading ◽  
Book Selection ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Parent Child

Purpose This pilot study explored the effectiveness of an early storybook reading (ESR) intervention for parents with babies with hearing loss (HL) for improving (a) parents' book selection skills, (b) parent–child eye contact, and (c) parent–child turn-taking. Advancing research into ESR, this study examined whether the benefits from an ESR intervention reported for babies without HL were also observed in babies with HL. Method Four mother–baby dyads participated in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design across behaviors. Treatment effects for parents' book selection skills, parent–child eye contact, and parent–child turn-taking were examined using visual analysis and Tau-U analysis. Results Statistically significant increases, with large to very large effect sizes, were observed for all 4 participants for parent–child eye contact and parent–child turn-taking. Limited improvements with ceiling effects were observed for parents' book selection skills. Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of an ESR intervention for babies with HL for promoting parent–child interactions through eye contact and turn-taking.

Justifying the data analytical choice in single case research in relation to the expected data pattern

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumen Manolov
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data User ◽  
Single Case Research ◽  
User Friendly

The lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate analytical techniques for single-case experimental designs data requires justifying the choice of any specific analytical option. The current text mentions some of the arguments, provided by methodologists and statisticians, in favor of several analytical techniques. Additionally, a small-scale literature review is performed in order to explore if and how applied researchers justify the analytical choices that they make. The review suggests that certain practices are not sufficiently explained. In order to improve the reporting regarding the data analytical decisions, it is proposed to choose and justify the data analytical approach prior to gathering the data. As a possible justification for data analysis plan, we propose using as a basis the expected the data pattern (specifically, the expectation about an improving baseline trend and about the immediate or progressive nature of the intervention effect). Although there are multiple alternatives for single-case data analysis, the current text focuses on visual analysis and multilevel models and illustrates an application of these analytical options with real data. User-friendly software is also developed.

Integrating Visual and Bayesian Statistical Analyses in Single Case Experimental Research to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Magnitude of a Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prathiba Natesan ◽  
Smita Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Ratio Effect ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Single case experimental designs (SCEDs) have become an indispensable methodology where randomized control trials may be impossible or even inappropriate. However, the nature of SCED data presents challenges for both visual and statistical analyses. Small sample sizes, autocorrelations, data types, and design types render many parametric statistical analyses and maximum likelihood approaches ineffective. The presence of autocorrelation decreases interrater reliability in visual analysis. The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate a newly developed model called the Bayesian unknown change-point (BUCP) model which overcomes all the above-mentioned data analytic challenges. This is the first study to formulate and demonstrate rate ratio effect size for autocorrelated data, which has remained an open question in SCED research until now. This expository study also compares and contrasts the results from BUCP model with visual analysis, and rate ratio effect size with nonoverlap of all pairs (NAP) effect size. Data from a comprehensive behavioral intervention are used for the demonstration.

Comparing the transfer effects of three nonpharmacological interventions in children with AD/HD: a single-case experimental design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Wei Zhang ◽  
Stuart J. Johnstone ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Xiangsheng Li ◽  
Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Home Training

The current study used behavioral and electroencephalograph measures to compare the transferability of cognitive training (CT), neurofeedback training (NFT), and CT combined with NFT in children with AD/HD. Following a multiple-baseline single-case experimental design, twelve children were randomized to a training condition. Each child completed a baseline phase, followed by an intervention phase. The intervention phase consisted of 20 sessions of at-home training. Tau-U analysis and standardized visual analysis were adopted to detect effects. CT improved inhibitory function, and NFT showed improved alpha activity and working memory. The combined condition, who was a reduced 'dose' of CT and NFT, did not show any improvements. The three conditions did not alleviate AD/HD symptoms. While CT and NFT may have near transfer effects, considering the lack of improvement in symptoms, this study does not support CT and NFT on their own as a treatment for children with AD/HD.

The Safer Choices Project: Methodological Issues in School-Based Health Promotion Intervention Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Basen-Engquist ◽  
Guy S. Parcel ◽  
Ronald Harrist ◽  
Douglas Kirby ◽  
Karin Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Health Promotion Intervention ◽  
School Based

A Review of Summarizing and Main Idea Interventions for Struggling Readers in Grades 3 Through 12: 1978–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Stevens ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Sharon Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Single Case Designs

This systematic review examines the effects of summarizing and main idea interventions on the reading comprehension outcomes of struggling readers in Grades 3 through 12. A comprehensive search identified 30 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1978 and 2016. Studies included struggling reader participants in Grades 3 through 12; targeted summarizing or main idea instruction; used an experimental, quasi-experimental, or single-case design; and included a reading comprehension outcome. A meta-analysis of 23 group design studies resulted in a statistically significant mean effect of 0.97. Group size, number of sessions, grade level, and publication year did not moderate treatment effect. Visual analysis of six single-case designs yielded strong evidence for retell measures and a range of evidence for short-answer comprehension measures. Findings suggest that main idea and summarizing instruction may improve struggling readers’ main idea identification and reading comprehension. Limitations include the lack of standardized measures and the unreported, changing description of the counterfactual.

Teaching and Promoting Generalization of Peer Imitation With Preschoolers With Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 105381512110550
Author(s):  
Mollie J. Todt ◽  
Erin E. Barton ◽  
Jennifer R. Ledford ◽  
Gabriela N. Robinson ◽  
Emma B. Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Progressive Time Delay ◽  
Preschoolers With Disabilities ◽  
Reinforcer Assessments

Researchers have identified effective instructional strategies for teaching peer imitation, including embedded classroom-based interventions. However, there is a dearth of strategies that have been effective for teaching generalization of imitation skills to novel contexts. Building on previous research, we examined the use of progressive time delay to increase peer imitation in the context of a play activity for four preschoolers with disabilities. We conducted preference and reinforcer assessments to identify effective reinforcers for each child prior to intervention. We conducted a multiple baseline across participants design meeting contemporary single case standards and used visual analysis to identify a functional relation: the intervention package was associated with an increase in the participants’ peer imitation in training contexts. The intervention also led to levels of peer imitation comparable to those of typically developing peers, as measured by a normative peer sample, and generalization to novel contexts.

Using Visual Analysis to Evaluate and Refine Multilevel Models of Single-Case Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Kyeng Baek ◽  
Merlande Petit-Bois ◽  
Wim Van den Noortgate ◽  
S. Natasha Beretvas ◽  
John M. Ferron
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Single Case
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document