Man as a biological organism.

2006 ◽  
pp. 454-475
Author(s):  
J. R. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Biological Organism

Organism and environment in Auguste Comte

2020 ◽  
pp. 095269512091790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan McVeigh
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Biological Organism ◽  
Theoretical System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Auguste Comte ◽  
Metaphysical Position

This article focuses on Auguste Comte’s understanding of the organism–environment relationship. It makes three key claims therein: (a) Comte’s metaphysical position privileged materiality and relativized the intellect along two dimensions: one related to the biological organism, one related to the social environment; (b) this twofold materiality confounds attempts to reduce cognition to either nature or nurture, so Comte’s position has interesting parallels to the field of ‘epigenetics’, which sees the social environment as a causative factor in biology; and (c) although Comte ultimately diverged from the ‘postgenomic’ view in crucial ways, he remains a forerunner of the trend towards viewing the social and biological as entangled. Tending to these dimensions challenges the view that Comte is notable from a classical standpoint but ignorable from a contemporary one. It consequently invites renewed attention to his theoretical system.

XIX: Toward a Modern Humanism

PMLA ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schütze
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Biological Organism ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
The Ideal

(Read under the title “Main Types of Literaturwissenschaft: A Critical Survey and a New Approach,” at the Fifty-first Annual Meeting, in Philadelphia, 1934. —Ed.) A MODERN humanism would be a mode of life controlled by an active aspiration to adjust present conditions to the highest interests and values of personality. It would be three-fold, involving (1) the physical-biological organism, (2) the powers finding expression in letters and the arts, and (3) the social, ethical, religious, political and economic beliefs, theories, interests, and circumstances by which personality is affected. The principle of integral unity—which is the central theme of this essay and the ultimate measure of the reality, validity, and value pertaining to the ideal of humanity here projected—demands an unremitting endeavor to combine and harmonize those three main parts of personal being. Culture is an ultimate personal unity of values.

Evaluation of local stiffness distribution for biological organism by comb-nanoprobes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nakajima ◽  
Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad ◽  
Masaru Kojima ◽  
Naoki Hisamoto ◽  
Michio Homma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Organism ◽  
Local Stiffness ◽  
Stiffness Distribution

A system of models for the life cycle of a biological organism

Biometrika ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Q. READ ◽  
J. R. ASHFORD
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Biological Organism

scholarly journals MSBOTS: a multiple small biological organism tracking system robust against non-ideal detection and segmentation conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11750
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Eva Cheng ◽  
Ian S. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Biological Organism ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Imaging Conditions ◽  
Biological Organisms

Accurately tracking a group of small biological organisms using algorithms to obtain their movement trajectories is essential to biomedical and pharmaceutical research. However, object mis-detection, segmentation errors and overlapped individual trajectories are particularly common issues that restrict the development of automatic multiple small organism tracking research. Extending on previous work, this paper presents an accurate and generalised Multiple Small Biological Organism Tracking System (MSBOTS), whose general feasibility is tested on three types of organisms. Evaluated on zebrafish, Artemia and Daphnia video datasets with a wide variety of imaging conditions, the proposed system exhibited decreased overall Multiple Object Tracking Precision (MOTP) errors of up to 77.59%. Moreover, MSBOTS obtained more reliable tracking trajectories with a decreased standard deviation of up to 47.68 pixels compared with the state-of-the-art idTracker system. This paper also presents a behaviour analysis module to study the locomotive characteristics of individual organisms from the obtained tracking trajectories. The developed MSBOTS with the locomotive analysis module and the tested video datasets are made freely available online for public research use.

scholarly journals Personal identity and the psychological continuity theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Mirjana Sokic
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Sufficient Criterion ◽  
Psychological Continuity ◽  
Continuity Theory ◽  
Biological Organism ◽  
Biological Organisms

According to the psychological continuity theory - which is one of the most popular philosophical approaches to the problem of personal identity -some sort of psychological relation represents the necessary (although, perhaps not the sufficient) criterion of a person?s persistence through time. The main aim of this paper is to provide a detailed critical analysis of two well-known arguments against the psychological continuity theory, both of which heavily rely on the animalist view on personal identity; that is to say, on the view according to which the essential property of persons is that they are biological organisms. The first argument purports to refute the psychological continuity theory by appealing to the fact that all persons are numerically identical to fetuses and that it is utterly implausible to attribute psychological properties or capacities to fetuses. The second argument attempts to show that every person is numerically identical to the biological organism that remains after its death and which does not have any psychological properties and capabilities. Hopefully, the final result of the analysis in this paper will show that the two arguments do not represent a satisfactory alternative to the psychological continuity theory.

Biological Correctness: Thomas Hobbes' Natural Ethics

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Derek Reiners
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Biological Organism ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Human Function ◽  
Right Reason

AbstractThis article argues that underlying Thomas Hobbes' prescription for concentrated power is system of ethics based on his understanding of human nature and the biological processes that govern natural human function. His thesis in Leviathan is not so much an argument for how rulers should rule as much as it is an argument for why individuals should allow themselves to be ruled in a specific manner. The justification for accepting rule comes from right reason which, in turn, comes to us from the dictates of the biological organism. If the biological organism is functioning correctly, it supports those processes and impulses which drive self-preservation. Anything that corrupts these natural processes and impulses are said to contravene right reason. Ultimately, the author believes that theoretical discourse concerning the essential interplay between political ethics and human nature should include consideration of Hobbes alongside Aristotle, David Hume, and others.

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