Measuring treatment outcome for posttraumatic stress disorder and social phobia: A review of current instruments and recommendations for future research.

2004 ◽  
pp. 117-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Borkovec ◽  
Louis G. Castonguay ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research

Factors Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomology Among Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Assault in Canada

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986008
Author(s):  
Janice Du Mont ◽  
Holly Johnson ◽  
Cassandra Hill
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Sexually Assaulted

There is a dearth of information about the association of victim-related and assailant-related characteristics and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among sexually assaulted women. Recently, Statistics Canada included items measuring the possible presence of PTSD symptoms in their 2014 nationally representative General Social Survey on Victimization (GSS-V), for the purpose of improving the understanding of mental health impacts associated with sexual victimization. The present study used the GSS-V to examine the association of sociodemographic, health, and assailant characteristics and prior traumatic experiences in the form of physical or sexual dating violence, physical assault, stalking, childhood abuse, and witnessing of violence between parents with PTSD symptomology among sexually assaulted women. Among 319 women who reported experiencing at least one incident of sexual assault in the 12 months prior to the survey, 68.6% had experienced at least one negative emotional impact as a result, among whom, 43.6% reported past-month PTSD symptoms. Logistic regression modeling revealed that prior traumatic events in the form of physical or sexual dating violence, stalking, and having witnessed violence between parents were associated with higher odds of experiencing PTSD symptoms, as was having been sexually assaulted by a known assailant. In contrast, the odds of experiencing PTSD symptoms was lower for Aboriginal or visible minority women. The results suggest that PTSD symptoms in the near aftermath of sexual victimization are common, and there are a range of factors that contribute to the likelihood of developing these symptoms. Implications for future research are discussed.

Intrusive Thoughts in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Falsetti ◽  
Jeannine Monnier ◽  
Joanne L. Davis ◽  
Heidi S. Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Multiple Channel ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Treatments

This article reviews the literature on prevalence, associated features, assessment, and treatment of intrusive symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research indicates that among trauma survivors, intrusive thoughts and imagery are quite common and distressing. It appears that early intrusions may be predictive of long-term distress and that avoidance and suppression can maintain intrusions. The treatment outcome literature for PTSD indicates that current cognitive behavioral treatments are effective in reducing intrusions. New data from a recent treatment outcome study for PTSD with comorbid panic attacks, using Multiple Channel Exposure Therapy, also suggest that this treatment is effective in significantly reducing intrusions.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Overview and Implications for Future Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Sebastian F. Kaltwasser ◽  
Carsten T. Wotjak
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Current State ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
State Of Research

PTSD can develop in the aftermath of traumatic incidents like combat, sexual abuse, or life threatening accidents. Unfortunately, there are still no biomarkers for this debilitating anxiety disorder in clinical use. Anyhow, there are numerous studies describing potential PTSD biomarkers, some of which might progress to the point of practical use in the future. Here, we outline and comment on some of the most prominent findings on potential imaging, psychological, endocrine, and molecular PTSD biomarkers and classify them into risk, disease, and therapy markers. Since for most of these potential PTSD markers a causal role in PTSD has been demonstrated or at least postulated, this review also gives an overview on the current state of research on PTSD pathobiology.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury in Current Military Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L. (Herbig) Wall
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operational Stress ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Postconcussive Symptoms ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Multiple Deployments

Background: The use of unconventional weaponry combined with decreased mortality rates and servicemembers being exposed to intense ground combat during multiple deployments has increased the risk of servicemembers living with the consequences of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and combat operational stress. Objective: The purpose of this article is to perform a critical analysis of the literature to identify current rates of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and TBI in military and veteran populations who have served in Iraq or Afghanistan and their combined effects on persistent postconcussive symptoms. Design: A search of the literature with military and veteran populations published after 2001 in Pubmed, OVID/Medline, Cochran Database, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsychInfo was conducted using keywords. Results: Twenty studies met inclusion criteria. The literature search yielded mixed results for rates of PTSD, TBI, and comorbid conditions. Conclusions: There is some evidence that comorbid PTSD and TBI result in greater reports of postconcussive symptomology than either condition alone. Limitations include lack of consistency of measurements, sampling biases, and lack of experimental design, and these warrant further exploration. Future research is needed to decrease variability in study findings and elucidate relationships between these disorders and their effects on persistent postconcussive symptomology.

Cognitive Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Resick
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Processing Therapy ◽  
One Year

Cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder is in the early stages of development and study. This article will examine seven controlled studies that included at least a component of cognitive therapy. Two studies specifically focused on early intervention to treat PTSD and included both cognitive therapy and exposure therapy. Three studies examined cognitive processing therapy, which is predominantly cognitive therapy. Two other studies compared pure cognitive therapy with exposure therapy. Overall, cognitive therapy for PTSD appears to be highly effective compared to no-treatment, relaxation, or supportive counseling, and similar to exposure treatments. Treatment effects appear to continue through follow-up periods of up to one year. At this point, little is known about who benefits best with cognitive therapy or predictors of treatment outcome.

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